The effects of vaccine timing on the efficacy of an acute eccentric exercise intervention on the immune response to an influenza vaccine in young adults

Campbell, John P.; Edwards, Kate M.; Ring, Christopher; Drayson, Mark T.; Bosch, Jos A.; Inskip, Andrew; Long, Joanna; Pulsford, Daniel; Burns, Victoria E.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.10.001

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Overall, exercise enhanced responses over the entire range of responses, but as hypothesised, enhancement effects of exercise were significant in the group who received a half-dose vaccine, while in those who received a full-dose vaccine, both groups showed similarly strong responses. These findings are consistent with recent work; in two separate but similar studies in young healthy adults, the response to a full dose influenza vaccine was not different between control and exercise groups, but a half dose vaccine (which elicited smaller responses) was enhanced in exercise groups compared to control [31, 32]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Acute exercise enhancement of pneumococcal vaccination response: A randomised controlled trial of weaker and stronger immune response

Edwards

Pung

Tomfohr

et al. 2012

Vaccine

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Acute exercise at the time of vaccination can enhance subsequent immune responses. However, the potential benefit of this effect will be its efficacy in boosting poor responses, and thus protection in at-risk populations. The current study tested the effect of exercise on the response to either a full- or half-dose Pneumococcal (Pn) vaccination to elicit stronger and weaker responses. Subjects were 133 young healthy adults, randomized to one of four groups: Exercise or control task, receiving a full- or half-dose Pn vaccination. Prior to vaccination, exercise groups completed a 15min arm and shoulder exercise task, control groups rested quietly. Antibody levels to 11 Pn strains were evaluated at baseline and 1- month. Across all participants, exercise groups showed significantly greater increase in antibody levels than control groups. When doses were compared, it emerged that those who exercised had significantly larger responses than those who rested in the half-dose group, but in the full-dose groups responses were similar. This data indicates the effectiveness of exercise as a vaccine adjuvant, particularly in weaker responses. Thus, given the potential public health benefits of no-cost behavioural intervention to enhance response to vaccination, testing in at-risk populations should be pursued.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Acute exercise enhancement of pneumococcal vaccination response: A randomised controlled trial of weaker and stronger immune response

Edwards

Pung

Tomfohr

et al. 2012

Vaccine

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“…influenza), there is no major medical problem with vaccinating shortly after a competition to make the period of time to the next competition as long as possible. Acute exercise might even act as a weak adjuvant, increasing antibody responses slightly in some individuals [138, 139, 141, 143]. In contrast, the pain reaction following the vaccination was clearly diminished when vaccinating 6 h after activity compared with vaccination immediately or 24–48 h after activity [143].…”

Section: Timing Of Vaccinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination in Elite Athletes

Гартнер

Meyer

2014

Sports Med

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Public health vaccination guidelines cannot be easily transferred to elite athletes. An enhanced benefit from preventing even mild diseases is obvious but stronger interference from otherwise minor side effects has to be considered as well. Thus, special vaccination guidelines for adult elite athletes are required. In most of them, protection should be strived for against tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, influenza, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, measles, mumps and varicella. When living or traveling to endemic areas, the athletes should be immune against tick-borne encephalitis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, poliomyelitis, typhoid fever, and meningococcal disease. Vaccination against pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b is only relevant in athletes with certain underlying disorders. Rubella and papillomavirus vaccination might be considered after an individual risk–benefit analysis. Other vaccinations such as cholera, rabies, herpes zoster, and Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) cannot be universally recommended for athletes at present. Only for a very few diseases, a determination of antibody titers is reasonable to avoid unnecessary vaccinations or to control efficacy of an individual’s vaccination (especially for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B and, partly, hepatitis A). Vaccinations should be scheduled in a way that possible side effects are least likely to occur in periods of competition. Typically, vaccinations are well tolerated by elite athletes, and resulting antibody titers are not different from the general population. Side effects might be reduced by an optimal selection of vaccines and an appropriate technique of administration. Very few discipline-specific considerations apply to an athlete’s vaccination schedule mainly from the competition and training pattern as well as from the typical geographical distribution of competitive sites.

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“…In addition, such benefits may not be observed in flu seasons in which robust responses are observed in the population in general, resulting in a ceiling effect [96]. Greater information is needed to determine the best type and duration of exercise as well as timing in relation to vaccination.…”

Section: Interventions To Improve Antibody Responses To Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing benefits of influenza virus vaccination during pregnancy: Potential behavioral risk factors and interventions

Christian

2014

Vaccine

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Pregnant women and infants are at high risk for complications, hospitalization, and death due to influenza. It is well-established that influenza vaccination during pregnancy reduces rates and severity of illness in women overall. Maternal vaccination also confers antibody protection to infants via both transplacental transfer and breast milk. However, as in the general population, a relatively high proportion of pregnant women and their infants do not achieve protective antibody levels against influenza virus following maternal vaccination. Behavioral factors, particularly maternal weight and stress exposure, may affect initial maternal antibody responses, maintenance of antibody levels over time (i.e., across pregnancy), as well as the efficiency of transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus. Conversely, behavioral interventions including acute exercise and stress reduction can enhance immune protection following vaccination. Such behavioral interventions are particularly appealing in pregnancy because they are safe and non-invasive. The identification of individual risk factors for poor responses to vaccines and the application of appropriate interventions represent important steps towards personalized health care.

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The effects of vaccine timing on the efficacy of an acute eccentric exercise intervention on the immune response to an influenza vaccine in young adults

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Acute exercise enhancement of pneumococcal vaccination response: A randomised controlled trial of weaker and stronger immune response

Acute exercise enhancement of pneumococcal vaccination response: A randomised controlled trial of weaker and stronger immune response

Vaccination in Elite Athletes

Optimizing benefits of influenza virus vaccination during pregnancy: Potential behavioral risk factors and interventions

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