The effects of urbanization on Lepomis macrochirus using the comet assay

Biomarker responses in sunfish species and largemouth bass from the Saluda River, South Carolina

“…General land use in the Saluda River watershed, as deducted from topographical maps, indicates that especially the central section of the watershed is heavily urbanized ( Table 1 in Supplementary materials). Thus, there appears to be a close relation between increased urbanization and biomarker responses in fish in the Saluda River watershed, as has been found in other rivers (Crago et al, 2011;Otter et al, 2012). The new approach of ranking sites by the number of significantly affected biomarker responses, as presented here, can be used to visualize a condensed version of a large number of biomarker data points.…”

“…In our study, the EROD results are likely due to increased levels of both EROD inducing compounds, and the presence of low ring PAHs in the center of the watershed is correlating with the presence of these compounds, but not necessarily responsible for the increased EROD response. Other studies have also shown that in general there is a good correlation between the low ring and high ring PAHs in bile samples from urban areas (Schreiber et al, 2006;Otter et al, 2012).…”

Auxinic herbicides induce oxidative stress on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

“…The SCGE test has become extensively valuable as a biomarker in fish to monitor contaminated areas (in situ assay) [63,64] as well as for screening xenobiotics after direct or indirect exposure (in vivo assay) [23,24,30]. We observed that, regardless of the length of treatment, dicamba acute exposure within the 410-1229 mg/L concentration range increased the frequency of primary DNA lesions estimated by alkaline SCGE, a result opposite that of the MN test.…”

An integrated assessment of sediment remediation in a midwestern U.S. stream using sediment chemistry, water quality, bioassessment, and fish biomarkers

“…Thus the assay should not be considered diagnostic of exposure to a particular class of contaminants, such as PAHs. This was evident in a recent study on the effects of urbanization on bluegill sunfish using the comet assay, which found that PAHs may have contributed to the DNA strand breaks in the fish, but they were probably not the only genotoxic compounds present [31]. As emphasized in the review by Jha [30], the comet assay continues to play an important role in assessing the induction of genetic damage of natural biota, but further studies are needed to identify sources of variability and factors influencing the outcome of the assay in field or biomonitoring studies.…”