The Effects of Turbidity on Prey Selection by Piscivorous Largemouth Bass

Shoup, Daniel E.; Wahl, David H.

doi:10.1577/t09-015.1

Cited by 97 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Stomach content analysis was performed on individuals (Appendix A), with foraging rate calculated as the total number of prey in stomachs. At the time of collection, ambient crustacean zooplankton density (number of individuals/m 3 ; the basal resource) was measured, as was Secchi depth (i.e., water clarity; nearest 1 cm), which is strongly inversely related to turbidity (e.g., Shoup and Wahl 2009:…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To help better link our model predictions with our field results, we conducted a 2 3 2 factorial laboratory experiment in which foraging rates of age-0 yellow perch (intermediate consumer) on a basal resource (planktonic Artemia nauplii ) were quantified under two conditions of turbidity (0 and 38 NTU) and two conditions of predation risk (absence and presence of predator cues). The 38 NTU turbidity treatment approximates the level at which foraging peaked for our Lake Erie yellow perch (Shoup and Wahl 2009). Thus, our experimental treatments allowed for a contrast between when TMIEs would be expected to be maximal (i.e., predation risk present, clear water) versus minimal (i.e., predation risk present, turbid water).…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Context‐dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging

et al. 2012

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Abstract. By shaping species interactions, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can profoundly influence ecosystems. Predicting such outcomes has proven difficult, however, owing in part to the dependence of plasticity on the environmental context. Of particular relevance are environmental factors that affect sensory performance in organisms in ways that alter the tradeoffs associated with adaptive phenotypic responses. We explored the influence of turbidity, which simultaneously and differentially affects the sensory performance of consumers at multiple trophic levels, on the indirect effect of a top predator (piscivorous fish) on a basal prey resource (zooplankton) that is mediated through changes in the plastic foraging behavior of an intermediate consumer (zooplanktivorous fish). We first generated theoretical predictions of the adaptive foraging response of a zooplanktivore across wide gradients of turbidity and predation risk by a piscivore. Our model predicted that predation risk can change the negative relationship between intermediate consumer foraging and turbidity into a humped-shaped (unimodal) one in which foraging is low in both clear and highly turbid conditions due to foraging-related risk and visual constraints, respectively. Consequently, the positive trait-mediated indirect effect (TMIE) of the top predator on the basal resource is predicted to peak at low turbidity and decline thereafter until it reaches an asymptote of zero at intermediate turbidity levels (when foraging equals that which is predicted when the top predator is absent). We used field observations and a laboratory experiment to test our model predictions. In support, we found humped-shaped relationships between planktivory and turbidity for several zooplanktivorous fishes from diverse freshwater ecosystems with predation risk. Further, our experiment demonstrated that predation risk reduced zooplanktivory by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) at a low turbidity, but had no effect on consumption at an intermediate turbidity. Together, our theoretical and empirical findings show how the environmental context can govern the strength of TMIEs by influencing consumer sensory performance and how these effects can become realized in nature over wide environmental gradients. Additionally, our hump-shaped foraging curve represents an important departure from the conventional view of turbidity's effect on planktivorous fishes, thus potentially requiring a reconceptualization of turbidity's impact on aquatic food-web interactions.

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Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Context‐dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging

et al. 2012

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“…SS can inhibit the predation of visually oriented fish on zooplankton (Schulze 2011) and piscivorous fish on fish prey (Shoup & Wahl 2009) while less inhibition to filter-feeding fish, e.g. A. nobilis.…”

Section: Effect Of Ss On Fish Predationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of suspended solids on interaction between filter-feeding fishAristichthys nobilisand zooplankton in a shallow lake using a mesocosm experiment

Chen

2016

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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Suspended solids (SS) resulting from sediment resuspension (SR) can impact ecosystems through direct and indirect effects on freshwater organisms and their interactions. This study was conducted to determine whether the SS can affect the interaction between filter-feeding fish (Aristichthys nobilis) and zooplankton using a mesocosm experiment with sediments from Lake Taihu, a large shallow lake in China. SR using pump was divided into three intensities: strong, weak and no SR representing different concentrations of SS. Zooplankton abundance was significantly higher in the no-fish treatments than in the fish treatments under all three SR conditions. SR intensity had significantly negative effect on zooplankton abundance. There were interactions between fish and SR intensity on abundances of copepod, rotifer, total zooplankton and dominant zooplankton species except cladoceran abundance. The results indicate that SS had a lesser effect on zooplankton predation by filterfeeding fish, which suggests that zooplankton communities in shallow lakes can be affected by the filter-feeding fish even under high level of SS condition.

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“…Transparency is related to underwater visibility because light intensity declines with increasing water turbidity (Brönmark and Hansson 2005). Since largemouth bass are visual predators (Howick and O'Brien 1983), their predatory efficiency decreases with increasing water turbidity (Reid et al 1999;Shoup and Wahl 2009). On the other hand, aquatic vegetation cover generally benefits many fishes by providing habitat heterogeneity (Eadie and Keast 1984), breeding and feeding sites (Werner et al 1978(Werner et al , 1983, and refuge to avoid predation (Gotceitas and Colgan 1989;Persson and Eklöv 1995;Warfe and Barmuta 2004).…”

Section: Multiple Effects Of Exotic Largemouth Bass and Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple effects of exotic largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and environmental factors on species richness and composition of pond-dwelling fishes

Tsunoda

Mitsuo

2012

Aquat. Living Resour.

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The Effects of Turbidity on Prey Selection by Piscivorous Largemouth Bass

Abstract: Turbidity in aquatic systems can change rapidly, affecting the visual ability of predators.

Cited by 97 publications

References 65 publications

Context‐dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging

Context‐dependent planktivory: interacting effects of turbidity and predation risk on adaptive foraging

Effect of suspended solids on interaction between filter-feeding fishAristichthys nobilisand zooplankton in a shallow lake using a mesocosm experiment

Multiple effects of exotic largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and environmental factors on species richness and composition of pond-dwelling fishes

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