The effects of tropospheric ozone on the species dynamics of calcareous grassland

Thwaites, RS; Ashmore, Mike; Morton, A. J.; Pakeman, Robin J.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.028

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the response of plant communities cannot readily be predicted from the response of their component species, and little information is available on the effects of O3 on pasture communities (Bassin et al, 2007;Cape, 2008). Communities of temperate perennial grasslands have shown higher resilience to O3 compared to individual species (Thwaites et al, 2006;Volketal., 2011). On the other hand, chronic N deposition is reducing plant species richness of European temperate acid grasslands (Stevens et al, 2004;Dupre et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current ozone levels threaten gross primary production and yield of Mediterranean annual pastures and nitrogen modulates the response

Calvete-Sogo

Elvira

Sanz

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Pastures are among the most important ecosystems in Europe considering their biodiversity and distribution area. However, their response to increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition, two of the main drivers of global change, is still uncertain. A new Open-Top Chamber (OTC) experiment was performed in central Spain, aiming to study annual pasture response to O3 and N in close to natural growing conditions. A mixture of six species of three representative families was sowed in the field. Plants were exposed for 40 days to four O3 treatments: filtered air, non-filtered air (NFA) reproducing ambient levels and NFA supplemented with 20 and 40 nl I -1 O3. Three N treatments were considered to reach the N integrated doses of "background", +20 or +40 kg N ha -1 . Ozone significantly reduced green and total aboveground biomass (maximum reduction 25%) and increased the senescent biomass (maximum increase 40%). Accordingly, O3 decreased community Gross Primary Production due to both a global reduction of ecosystem CO2 exchange and an increase of ecosystem respiration. Nitrogen could partially counterbalance O3 effects on aboveground biomass when the levels of O3 were moderate, but at the same time O3 exposure reduced the fertilization effect of higher N availability. Therefore, O3 must be considered as a stress factor for annual pastures in the Mediterranean areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current ozone levels threaten gross primary production and yield of Mediterranean annual pastures and nitrogen modulates the response

Calvete-Sogo

Elvira

Sanz

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Volk et al (2011) did not find any O3-response at community level after 5 years of O3 exposure of a high diverse alpine perennial grassland. Similarly, only small O3 effects on community composition were observed in calcareous grassland turfs after three growing seasons (Thwaites et al, 2006). The fact that annual communities regenerate each growing season from the seed bank with a fast growing rate when meteorological conditions are optimal, provides annual grasslands its characteristic state of non-maturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Volk et al (2011) did not find any O3 response at community level after 5 years of O3 exposure of a highly diverse alpine perennial grassland. Similarly, only small O3 effects on community composition were observed in calcareous grassland turfs after three growing seasons (Thwaites et al, 2006).…”

Section: Effects On Ecosystem Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the response of plant communities cannot readily be predicted from the response of their component species, and little information is available on the effects of O3 on pasture communities (Bassin et al, 2007;Cape, 2008). Communities of temperate perennial grasslands have shown higher resilience to O3 compared to individual species (Thwaites et al, 2006;Volk et al, 2011). On the other hand, chronic N deposition is reducing plant species richness of European temperate acid grasslands (Stevens et al, 2004;Dupre et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of ozone on herbaceous species have been described, although such descriptions are based mainly on results from individual species or simple species mixtures (Hayes et al 2007;Bassin et al 2007a). Field experiments with complex mixtures or intact plant communities are scarce and generally show that complex plant communities are less sensitive to O3 than expected from studies in which the component species were tested individually or in simple mixtures (Thwaites et al 2006;Bassin et al 2007b). Several reasons have been proposed to explain this inconsistency at the plant community level: functional redundancy, genetic variability, and species interactions (Bassin et al 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Productivity and quality of dehesa pastures in relation to global change : increasing tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition

Sogo¹

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Resumen X que a los niveles ambientales del contaminante. Por ello, se recomienda que los análisis de riesgo de O3 para pastos anuales se basen siempre en niveles críticos basados en flujos (POD). El uso de modelos de crecimiento del pasto, ligados a la aproximación multi-específica del DO3SE para el cálculo de la absorción de O3 a escala de dosel, son mas precisos para refinar los análisis de riesgo que los basados en índices de concentración como el AOT40. biomass species composition and gas exchange response parameters were measured, as well as forage quality parameters that are usually less studied. Based on the quantification of the effects, and the modelling exercises for calculating O3 uptake inside the plants through a new multi-species approach of the Deposition of Ozone and Stomatal Exchange (DO3SE) model, new O3 exposure-and doseresponse relationships were derived and threshold limits (critical levels) for this pollutant were proposed for the protection of annual communities. The canopy approach is a novel consideration which brings forward the current individual species approach. Moreover, three years of field data on growth, phenology and species composition from a natural Dehesa pasture were collected and analyzed. ABSTRACTFinally, based on all the information available, a 3-years O3-risk assessment study was performed for a natural Dehesa pasture. The pasture yield at canopy level showed similar response patterns to the treatments for the two growing seasons analysed: O3 caused a yield loss that was partially mitigated by N-fertilization; simultaneously, O3 reduced the fertilization effect of N. Accordingly, O3 decreased the community Gross Primary Production Abstract XV due to both a global reduction of ecosystem CO2 exchange and an increase of ecosystem respiration. The results at the species level showed heterogeneous responses to both factors, O3 and N. Legumes did not react to N but were very sensitive to O3:Trifolium species responded negatively, while Ornithopus responded positively, taking advantage of the greater sensitivity of clovers to O3. Thus, the legumelegume competition plays an important role in the system under polluted environments. The grasses and the herb were more O3-tolerant than the Trifolium but more responsive to N, especially the grasses. The significant interactions between factors followed the general pattern described at canopy scale, a loss of effectiveness of N in O3-polluted atmospheres and an ability of the fertilizer to counterbalance the damage induced by O3; but both effects were dependent on the species, and on the O3 and N levels. The direction of the interaction can reverse if N is too high at the highest O3 levels, as it was found for T. striatum roots. In this situation, the fertilizer increased the O3-induced root reduction. Both factors might affect the competitive relationships among species through their heterogeneous responses to O3 and N, affecting the structure and composition of Mediterranean annual pastures.Ozone and N-inputs also affected the car...

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A justification for continued management of turfgrass during economic contraction

Brosnan

Chandra²,

Gaussoin

et al. 2020

Agricultural & Env Letters

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A novel coronavirus, termed COVID-19, spread worldwide and become a global pandemic in 2020. Forecasts show that COVID-19 will cause substantial economic contraction affecting almost every industry. Managed turfgrass, particularly in urban settings, has many positive societal and environmental benefits. In a contracted economy, will resources be available to manage turfgrass to achieve these benefits? In this paper, we outline the benefits of managed turfgrass on golf courses, playing fields, recreational parks, and urban landscapes to assist decision makers with resource allocation in the COVID-19 era. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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The effects of tropospheric ozone on the species dynamics of calcareous grassland

Cited by 35 publications

References 24 publications

Current ozone levels threaten gross primary production and yield of Mediterranean annual pastures and nitrogen modulates the response

Current ozone levels threaten gross primary production and yield of Mediterranean annual pastures and nitrogen modulates the response

Productivity and quality of dehesa pastures in relation to global change : increasing tropospheric ozone and nitrogen deposition

A justification for continued management of turfgrass during economic contraction

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