The Effects of Total Colectomy on Bacterial Translocation in a Model of Acute Pancreatitis

Abstract

Prevention of secondary infection is currently the main goal of treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Colon was considered as the main origin of secondary infection. Our aim was to investigate whether prophylactic total colectomy would reduce the rate of bacterial translocation and infection of pancreatic necrosis. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Pancreatitis was created by ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate. Rats were divided into four groups: group-1, laparotomy + pancreatic ductal infusion of saline; group-2, laparotomy + pancreatic ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate; group-3, total colectomy + pancreatic ductal infusion of saline; and group-4, total colectomy + pancreatic ductal infusion of sodium taurocholate. Forty-eight hours later, tissue and blood samples were collected for microbiological and histopathological analysis. Total colectomy caused small bowel bacterial overgrowth with gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. Bacterial count of gram-negative rods in the small intestine and pancreatic tissue in rats with colectomy and acute pancreatitis were significantly higher than in rats with acute pancreatitis only (group-2 versus group-4; small bowel, p = <0.001; pancreas, p = 0.002). Significant correlation was found between proximal small bowel bacterial overgrowth and pancreatic infection (r = 0,836, p = 0.001). In acute pancreatitis, prophylactic total colectomy (which can mimic colonic cleansing and reduction of colonic flora) induces small bowel bacterial overgrowth, which is associated with increased bacterial translocation to the pancreas.

Milk Fat Globule Membrane Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function in a Rat Model of Short Bowel

“…After incubation at 37°C for 72 hours in aerobic atmosphere, the colony‐forming units (CFUs) were counted in each plate. Positive results were determined if bacterial counts were higher than 1000 CFU/g …”

Bacterial community mapping of the intestinal tract in acute pancreatitis rats based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis

“…High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing of the small intestine, colon and feces Previous studies reported gut-derived bacteria overgrowth and higher intestinal colonization of Gram negative bacteria occurs in AP rat models by conventional culture techniques. 20,21 However, 80% of gut bacteria are novel species that cannot be cultivated, and only 20% of intestinal microbiota can be iden-tied using culture-based methods. 22 Furthermore, although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to identication of bacterial DNA in blood samples, it fails to detect several microorganisms in a single specimen.…”

“…Previous studies have provided a detailed description on the characteristic of bacterial species in patients and rats with AP. [14][15][16] In detail, the paper of Li et al, provided a detailed description on the features of bacterial species and the prevalence of bacteremia in patients with AP. 14 Şenocak et al, proved that prophylactic total colectomy was associated with elevated bacterial translocation to the pancreas in AP rats.…”

“…14 Şenocak et al, proved that prophylactic total colectomy was associated with elevated bacterial translocation to the pancreas in AP rats. 15 Zhang et al, found that the intestinal microbes of AP patients were different from those of healthy volunteers through detecting the fecal samples. 16 However, these studies have several limitations: (1) they usually focused on studying the microbiota in one intestinal site of AP;…”

Association between acute pancreatitis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth assessed by hydrogen breath test

“…A recent study suggested that prophylactic total colectomy in patients with AP induces SIBO involving both Gram-negative bacilli ( Escherichia coli , Proteus spp.) and anaerobic bacteria[ 9 ]. We performed the present study to investigate the incidence of SIBO in AP with different severity grades and explore the correlation between SIBO and complications of AP.…”