The effects of through tool cryogenic machining on the hole quality in GLARE® fibre metal laminates

Giasin, Khaled; Dad, Alisha; Brousseau, Emmanuel Bruno Jean Paul; Pimenov, Danil Yurievich; Mia, Mozammel; Morkavuk, Sezer; Köklü, Uğur

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.02.010

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…In addition, when drilling under dry conditions, it is expected that cutting temperature will rise both the cutting tool and the workpiece leading to the expansion of the lamina; however, composites such as CFRP and GFRP have tendency to spring-back leading to shrinkage of drilled holes closer to their nominal diameter [74]. The current results disagree with previous studies [63,[75][76][77][78] on drilling CFRP and GFRP laminates using through tool cryogenic cooling which both reported reduced hole size when using cryogenic cooling compared to dry drilling. This could be attributed to the cooling strategy (i.e., cryogenic bath vs cryogenic through tool cooling) in which the later provides efficient cooling in terms of controlled coolant quantity and localisation on the hole cutting region and cutting tool.…”

Section: Hole Size and Circularity Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 91%

The effect of cryogenic machining of S2 glass fibre composite on the hole form and dimensional tolerances

Köklü

Morkavuk

Featherston

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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S2 glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites are widely used in aeronautical applications owing to their excellent strength to weight ratio. Drilling glass fibres can be cumbersome due to their abrasive nature and poor thermal conductivity. Moreover, the use of conventional coolants is not desirable due to contamination and additional costs for cleaning the machine part. An alternative is to use environmentally friendly coolants such as liquid nitrogen (LN2) which have been previously employed in machining metals and composites. The current study investigates the effect of drilling S2 glass fibre composite in a bath of LN2. The study aims to evaluate the effect of spindle speed, feed rate and the presence of cryogenic cooling on the form and dimensional tolerances of the hole (hole size, circularity, cylindricity and perpendicularity). Design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the contribution of the input parameters on the analysed hole quality metrics. Results indicated that drilling S2 glass fibre in a cryogenic bath increased hole size significantly beyond the nominal hole diameter. The hole circularity and cylindricity were reduced compared to holes drilled under dry condition under all cutting parameters due to enhanced thermal stability during the drilling process. The current study aims to provide the scientific and industrial communities with the necessary knowledge on whether cryogenic bath cooling strategy provides better hole quality output compared to dry drilling and other cryogenic cooling strategies which were previously reported in the open literature.

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Section: Hole Size and Circularity Analysiscontrasting

confidence: 91%

The effect of cryogenic machining of S2 glass fibre composite on the hole form and dimensional tolerances

Köklü

Morkavuk

Featherston

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…58–60 Similarly, when the tool is nearing the exit side of the hole at the bottom of the workpiece, the resistance of the material against the cutting action of the cutting tool weakens and results in severe plastic deformation ahead of the chisel edge, which leaves them uncut and somewhat protruding out of or into the hole. 59–61 The increased plastic deformation is also attributed to the rise in cutting temperatures with drilling depth. Material side flow is a phenomenon that occurs when drilling holes in metallic structures due to the rise in cutting temperatures and pressure of the cutting tool on the borehole surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the hole entry, the cutting tool is penetrating the workpiece and there is a steady rise in the thrust force to remove the material and progress into the workpiece therefore, the burrs undergo a tearing process which involves bending and shearing or lateral extrusion. [58][59][60] Similarly, when the tool is nearing the exit side of the hole at the bottom of the workpiece, the resistance of the material against the cutting action of the cutting tool weakens and results in severe plastic deformation ahead of the chisel edge, which leaves them uncut and somewhat protruding out of or into the hole. [59][60][61] The increased plastic deformation is also attributed to the rise in cutting temperatures with drilling depth.…”

Section: Sem Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of extrusion parameters on drilling machinability of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Köklü

Koçar

Morkavuk

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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AZ31 magnesium alloy is mainly used in aerospace applications due to its lightweight and good mechanical properties. The installation of AZ31 alloy in an aircraft usually requires machining operations such as drilling and milling for assembly purposes. The current study aims to investigate the effects of different extrusion ratios (1.77, 2.68, 3.55) on the drilling machinability of AZ31 alloys. The machinability was evaluated with thrust force, borehole surface quality, and chip characteristics. It was found that the thrust force and hole quality depend on the extrusion ratio and cutting parameters. The highest thrust force and surface roughness Ra occurred when drilling AZ31 alloy produced using the highest extrusion ratio of 3.55 in agreement with the improvement in the mechanical properties. The chip length decreased with the increase of the extrusion ratio depending on a decrease in the ductility, while SEM images showed that the AZ31 sample produced using intermediate extrusion ratio had the best hole edge quality and least burr formation.

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“…Shape memory machining of FRC, PMMC, and NiTi is illustrated. e cutting of FRP composites presents numerous difficulties, for example, fiber tearing, delamination, fiber pullout, and dimensional errors in machined parts [5]. It can be presumed that cryogenic treatment effectively enacts 5083 alloy machinability and its mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Support Vector Regression (SVR) on Cryogenic Face Milling

Karthik

Malghan²,

Kara

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The paper aims to investigate the processing execution of SS316 in manageable machining cooling ways such as dry, wet, and cryogenic (LN2-liquid nitrogen). Furthermore, “one parametric approach” was utilized to study the influence and carry out the comparative analysis of LN2over dry and LN2over wet machining conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) is incorporated to build a relationship model among the considered independent variables (spindle speed: (S, rpm), feed rate (F, mm/min), and depth of cut (doc) (D, mm)) and the dependent variable (surface roughness (Ra)). Since there is the involvement of more than one independent variable, the generation of regression equation is “multiple linear regression.” Based on the attained coefficient value of the independent variable, the respective impact on surface roughness is identified. The results of comparative analysis of LN2over dry and LN2over wet machining states revealed that LN2 machining yielded better surface finish with up to 64.9%, 54.9% over dry and wet machining, respectively, indicating the benefits of LN2 for achieving better Ra. The benchmark function of the proposed mode hybrid-bias (BNN-SVR) algorithm showcases the propensity to emerge out of the local minimum and coincide with the optimal target value. The performance of the (BNN-SVR) is a prevalent new ability to fetch the partially trained weights from the BNN model into the SVR model, thus leading to the conversion of static learning capability to dynamic capability. The performances of the adopted prediction approaches are compared through a range of attained error deviation, i.e., (RA: 3.95%–8.43%), (BNN: 2.36%–5.88%), (SVR: 1.04%–3.61%), respectively. Hybrid-bias (BNN-SVR) is the best suitable prediction model as it provides significant evidence by attaining less error in predicting Ra. However, SVR surpasses BNN and RSM approaches because of the convergence factor and narrow margin error.

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The effects of through tool cryogenic machining on the hole quality in GLARE® fibre metal laminates

Cited by 32 publications

References 72 publications

The effect of cryogenic machining of S2 glass fibre composite on the hole form and dimensional tolerances

The effect of cryogenic machining of S2 glass fibre composite on the hole form and dimensional tolerances

Influence of extrusion parameters on drilling machinability of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Influence of Support Vector Regression (SVR) on Cryogenic Face Milling

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