The Effects of Thiourea and Phenylthiourea Upon the Development of Eleutherodactylus Ricordii

Lynn, W. Gardner

doi:10.2307/1538202

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…None of these factors appear to be associated with the eye size reduction, suggesting that it may be a specific effect of PTU treatment. In fact, such an effect on eye size reduction has been documented in frogs [8], [35], but has not been further studied. The current study describes the characterization of the effect of PTU treatment on eye development in zebrafish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In rats, it has been demonstrated that the administration of PTU through feeding and/or intraperitoneal injection can cause both acute and chronic toxicity [30]. Interestingly, the studies on rats have also led to the original discovery of thyroid hypertrophy and in turn the goitrogenic effect of PTU [31], [32], which has been subsequently confirmed in studies of the frog [8]. In zebrafish, it has been shown that treating zebrafish larvae with 0.003% PTU can suppress thyroid hormone (T4) immuno-reactivity in thyroid follicles [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenylthiourea Specifically Reduces Zebrafish Eye Size

Ptak

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Phenylthiourea (PTU) is commonly used for inhibiting melanization of zebrafish embryos. In this study, the standard treatment with 0.2 mM PTU was demonstrated to specifically reduce eye size in larval fish starting at three days post-fertilization. This effect is likely the result of a reduction in retinal and lens size of PTU-treated eyes and is not related to melanization inhibition. This is because the eye size of tyr, a genetic mutant of tyrosinase whose activity is inhibited in PTU treatment, was not reduced. As PTU contains a thiocarbamide group which is presented in many goitrogens, suppressing thyroid hormone production is a possible mechanism by which PTU treatment may reduce eye size. Despite the fact that thyroxine level was found to be reduced in PTU-treated larvae, thyroid hormone supplements did not rescue the eye size reduction. Instead, treating embryos with six goitrogens, including inhibitors of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), suggested an alternative possibility. Specifically, three TPO inhibitors, including those that do not possess thiocarbamide, specifically reduced eye size; whereas none of the NIS inhibitors could elicit this effect. These observations indicate that TPO inhibition rather than a general suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis is likely the underlying cause of PTU-induced eye size reduction. Furthermore, the tissue-specific effect of PTU treatment might be mediated by an eye-specific TPO expression. Compared with treatment with other tyrosinase inhibitors or bleaching to remove melanization, PTU treatment remains the most effective approach. Thus, one should use caution when interpreting results that are obtained from PTU-treated embryos.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylthiourea Specifically Reduces Zebrafish Eye Size

Ptak

Zhang

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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“…The skull: Development of the skull is similar to that illustrated by Lynn (1942) for 4 days pre-hatching to 10 days post-hatching E. nubicola. A number of tooth buds were present on the maxillary-premaxillary arc.…”

Section: Microanatomy Of the Adult Reproductive Systemsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The upper part of the duct is lined with a ciliated and secretory epithelium (Fig. The froglets.-There are in the literature a number of descriptions of development through 125 metamorphosis in several species of direct-developing Eleutherodactylus and its relatives, such as Hylactophryne (Adamson et al, 1960;Bogert, 1969;Chibon, 1960;Gitlin, 1954;Goin, 1947;Jameson, 1950;Lutz, 1944Lutz, , 1948Lynn, 1942Lynn, , 1948Lynn andLutz, 1946, 1947;Sampson, 1904;Valett and Jameson, 1961) of which Lynn (1942) has presented the most complete. There is an abrupt transition to a non-secretory columnar epithelium low in the convoluted part of the duct (Fig.…”

Section: Microanatomy Of the Adult Reproductive Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reproductive Biology of Eleutherodactylus jasperi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae), with Comments on the Evolution of Live-Bearing Systems

Wake¹

1978

Journal of Herpetology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Herpetology. ABSTRACT-Eleutherodactylus jasperi females retain developing embryos in the oviducts.Three to five fully metamorphosed froglets are born approximately 33 days after the female was in amplexus. Internal fertilization is presumed. Adult morphology of the reproductive organs is not unique. The oviduct has two distinct regions. Clutch size is very small (1-6 ova). The development of the froglets is very similar to that described for several species of direct developing Eleutherodactylus. The froglets have a small egg tooth. The tail is thin, highly vascufarized, and overlies the dorsum or venter of the embryo. It may function as an organ for gaseous exchange with the oviducal capillaries. Unresorbed yolk is present in froglets even after birth. No other maternal nutrition is suspected. E. jasperi reproductive biology is compared with that of Nectophrynoides and with trends in reproductive biology within the genus Eleutherodactylus.

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“…These changes correspond to thyroid gland maturation (Dent, 1942) and apparently rely on increased levels of circulating thyroid hormone (Lynn, 1947). It has been proposed that the ''larval program has been completely eliminated'' in the direct developing plethodontids (Alberch, 1989).…”

Section: Lost Larval Features?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct‐Developing Salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae)

Kerney

2011

The Anatomical Record

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This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incomplete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71:577-601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The staging table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in larvae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found in larvae of metamorphosing salamander species, such as the palatopterygoid bone and lateral line neuromasts, were not observed in this material. The occurrence of larval and metamorphic features in these embryos has direct bearing on the patterns of life history evolution within the plethodontidae family. This study emphasizes the degree to which typically larval structures are retained in this direct-developing species and provides a staging table for further investigations into the development and evolution of plethodontid salamanders.

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The Effects of Thiourea and Phenylthiourea Upon the Development of Eleutherodactylus Ricordii

Cited by 50 publications

References 24 publications

Phenylthiourea Specifically Reduces Zebrafish Eye Size

Phenylthiourea Specifically Reduces Zebrafish Eye Size

The Reproductive Biology of Eleutherodactylus jasperi (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae), with Comments on the Evolution of Live-Bearing Systems

Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct‐Developing Salamander, Plethodon cinereus (Plethodontidae)

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