The Effects of the Transcendental Mediation Technique and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Eeg Coherence, Stress Reactivity, and Mental Health in Black Adults

Gaylord, Carolyn; Orme-Johnson, David W.; Travis, Frederick

doi:10.3109/00207458908991618

Cited by 78 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This conclusion is in accordance with the findings of Gaylord [13], who reported that the coherence was higher in the frontal and central areas only during transcendental meditation practice relative to the closed eyes condition, but not during progressive muscle relaxation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation

Teplan

Krakovská

Špajdel

2014

Measurement Science Review

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Short-lasting psycho-physiological relaxation was investigated through an analysis of its bipolar electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics. In 8 subjects, 6-channel EEG data of 3-minute duration were recorded during 88 relaxation sessions. Time course of spectral EEG features was examined. Alpha powers were decreasing during resting conditions of 3-minute sessions in lying position with eyes closed. This was followed by a decrease of total power in centro-parietal cortex regions and an increase of beta power in fronto-central areas. Represented by EEG coherences the interhemispheric communication between the parieto-occipital regions was enhanced within a frequency range of 2-10 Hz. In order to discern between higher and lower levels of relaxation distinguished according to self-rated satisfaction, EEG features were assessed and discriminating parameters were identified. Successful relaxation was determined mainly by the presence of decreased delta-1 power across the cortex. Potential applications for these findings include the clinical, pharmacological, and stress management fields.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation

Teplan

Krakovská

Špajdel

2014

Measurement Science Review

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“…These studies have shown increased EEG coherence during Transcendental Meditation (e.g. Gaylord et al, 1989;Levine, 1976;Travis and Orme-Johnson, 1989;Travis et al, 2002; experienced practitioners of Transcendental Meditation as well as novices showed increased alpha coherence compared to resting (Dillbeck and Bronson, 1981;Travis, 2001;Travis and Wallace, 1999). Zenmeditation reportedly increased alpha coherence in meditation novices (Murata et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Lehmann¹,

Faber²,

Tei

et al. 2012

NeuroImage

138

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Brain functional states are established by functional connectivities between brain regions. In experienced meditators (13 Tibetan Buddhists, 15 QiGong, 14 Sahaja Yoga, 14 Ananda Marga Yoga, 15 Zen), 19-channel EEG was recorded before, during and after that meditation exercise which their respective tradition regards as route to the most desirable meditative state. The head surface EEG data were recomputed (sLORETA) into 19 cortical regional source model time series. All 171 functional connectivities between regions were computed as 'lagged coherence' for the eight EEG frequency bands (delta through gamma). This analysis removes ambiguities of localization, volume conduction-induced inflation of coherence, and reference-dependence. All significant differences (corrected for multiple testing) between meditation compared to no-task rest before and after meditation showed lower coherence during meditation, in all five traditions and eight (inhibitory as well as excitatory) frequency bands. Conventional coherence between the original head surface EEG time series very predominantly also showed reduced coherence during meditation. The topography of the functional connectivities was examined via PCAbased computation of principal connectivities. When going into and out of meditation, significantly different connectivities revealed clearly different topographies in the delta frequency band and minor differences in the beta-2 band. The globally reduced functional interdependence between brain regions in meditation suggests that interaction between the self process functions is minimized, and that constraints on the self process by other processes are minimized, thereby leading to the subjective experience of noninvolvement, detachment and letting go, as well as of all-oneness and dissolution of ego borders during meditation. AbstractBrain functional states are established by functional connectivities between brain regions. In experienced meditators (13 Tibetan Buddhists, 15 QiGong, 14 Sahaja Yoga, 14 Ananda Marga Yoga, 15 Zen), 19-channel EEG was recorded before, during and after that meditation exercise which their respective tradition regards as route to the most desirable meditative state. The head surface EEG data were recomputed (sLORETA) into 19 cortical regional source model time series. All 171 functional connectivities between regionswere computed as 'lagged coherence' for the eight EEG frequency bands (delta through gamma). This analysis removes ambiguities of localization, volume conduction-induced inflation of coherence, and reference-dependence. All significant differences (corrected for multiple testing) between meditation compared to no-task rest before and after meditation showed lower coherence during meditation, in all five traditions and eight (inhibitory as well as excitatory) frequency bands. Conventional coherence between the original head surface EEG time series very predominantly also showed reduced coherence during meditation. The topography of the functional connectivities was examined ...

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“…Most often breathing techniques are used to minimize physiologic responses to stress, possibly by increasing parasympathetic response. 15 Also, they are often used in conjunction with relaxation techniques such as Jacobson's progressive muscular relaxation 16 and autogenic training. 17 A relatively simple respiration monitor that facilitates slowing one's breathing rate has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the reduction of blood pressure.…”

Section: Relaxation and Breathing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind–body interventions

Wahbeh

Elsas

Oken³

2008

Neurology

288

127

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Objective-Half of the adults in the United States use complementary and alternative medicine with mind-body therapy being the most commonly used form. Neurology patients often turn to their physicians for insight into the effectiveness of the therapies and resources to integrate them into their care. The objective of this article is to give a clinical overview of mind-body interventions and their applications in neurology.Methods-Medline and PsychInfo were searched on mind-body therapies and neurologic disease search terms for clinical trials and reviews and published evidence was graded.Results-Meditation, relaxation, and breathing techniques, yoga, tai chi, and qigong, hypnosis, and biofeedback are described. Mind-body therapy application to general pain, back and neck pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, headaches, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, muscular dysfunction, stroke, aging, Parkinson disease, stroke, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are reviewed.Conclusions-There are several conditions where the evidence for mind-body therapies is quite strong such as migraine headache. Mind-body therapies for other neurology applications have limited evidence due mostly to small clinical trials and inadequate control groups.

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The Effects of the Transcendental Mediation Technique and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Eeg Coherence, Stress Reactivity, and Mental Health in Black Adults

Cited by 78 publications

References 36 publications

Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation

Spectral EEG Features of a Short Psycho-physiological Relaxation

Reduced functional connectivity between cortical sources in five meditation traditions detected with lagged coherence using EEG tomography

Mind–body interventions

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