The effects of the presence of others during a rowing exercise in a virtual reality environment

Murray, Edward; Neumann, David L.; Moffitt, Robyn L.; Thomas, Patrick R.

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.09.007

Cited by 82 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…VR has also been applied to exercise and improving physical fitness. In several studies, researchers have used sport-related tasks such as cycling, running, and rowing (e.g., Murray et al 2016). These applications have relevance to sport performance particularly because many of these studies have introduced elements of competition or pressure to meet team goals.…”

Section: Defining Virtual Reality In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Irwin et al (2012), the confederate was shown via a video loop on VIRTUAL REALITY AND SPORT 13 another screen and not in the VR environment. Murray et al (2016) also examined the Köhler motivation gain effect in which the team mate was present as a virtual partner in the virtual environment. Female participants novice to rowing completed a rowing trial in the presence of a virtual team mate in a conjunctive situation (the shortest distance rowed over a 9 min trial would count as the team score) or in the VR environment alone.…”

Section: The Virtual Reality Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of VR to sport has resulted in several beneficial outcomes. When compared to control conditions, tasks that incorporate VR have shown improved adherence (Annesi and Mazas 1997), better race strategy performance (Hoffman et al 2014), higher cognitive functioning (Anderson-Hanley et al 2012), improved mood and reduced tiredness (Plante et al 2003b), increased workload (Chen et al 2015), and higher enjoyment (Mestre et al 2011;Murray et al 2016). However, the control condition used in most research has involved performance of the sport on its own.…”

Section: Concurrent and Posttask Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also noteworthy that better performance or psychological outcomes have not always resulted when VR is used (e.g., Lee et al 2012;Legrand et al 2011) suggesting that other factors may moderate its effectiveness. As noted above and shown in Table 3, these factors may relate to the VR system or user, such as level of immersion (Ijsselsteijn et al 2004), competitiveness (Anderson-Hanley et al 2011;Nunes et al 2014;Snyder et al 2012), social presence (Irwin et al 2012;Lee et al 2012;Murray et al 2016), self-selection of tasks (Legrand et al 2011), attentional focus (Mestre et al 2011), and the mood altering effects of the task itself (Plante et al 2003b).…”

Section: Concurrent and Posttask Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

et al. 2017

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Virtual reality (VR) technology is being increasingly used by athletes, coaches, and other sport-related professionals. The present systematic review aimed to document research on the application of VR to sport to better understand the outcomes that have emerged in this work. Research literature databases were searched and the results screened to identify articles reporting applications of interactive VR to sport with healthy human participants. Twenty articles were identified and coded to document the study aims, research designs, participant characteristics, sport types, VR technology, measures, and key findings. From the review, it was shown that interactive VR applications have enhanced a range of performance, physiological, and psychological outcomes. The specific effects have been influenced by factors related to the athlete and the VR system, which comprises athlete factors, VR environment factors, task factors, and the non-VR environment factors. Important variables include the presence of others in the virtual environment, competitiveness, task autonomy, immersion, attentional focus, and feedback. The majority of research has been conducted on endurance sports, such as running, cycling, and rowing, and more research is required to examine the use of interactive VR in skill-based sports. Additional directions for future research and reporting standards for researchers are suggested.

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Section: Defining Virtual Reality In Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Virtual Reality Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concurrent and Posttask Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Concurrent and Posttask Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

et al. 2017

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“…Consequently, a number of pacing studies providing velocity or time data were excluded, despite meeting all other criteria. Additionally, three studies in rowing, where power output was measured, were excluded because once studies were allocated into the defined themes the sample size in each group was not sufficient to be included in a meta-analysis (Mujika et al, 2010; Taylor et al, 2014; Murray et al, 2016). As a consequence of these constraints, modes of exercise researched in the literature such as running, swimming, skating and rowing were excluded.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Environmental and Feedback Interventions on Pacing Profiles in Cycling: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2016

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In search of their optimal performance athletes will alter their pacing strategy according to intrinsic and extrinsic physiological, psychological and environmental factors. However, the effect of some of these variables on pacing and exercise performance remains somewhat unclear. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an overview as to how manipulation of different extrinsic factors affects pacing strategy and exercise performance. Only self-paced exercise studies that provided control and intervention group(s), reported trial variance for power output, disclosed the type of feedback received or withheld, and where time-trial power output data could be segmented into start, middle and end sections; were included in the meta-analysis. Studies with similar themes were grouped together to determine the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between control and intervention trials for: hypoxia, hyperoxia, heat-stress, pre-cooling, and various forms of feedback. A total of 26 studies with cycling as the exercise modality were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, four studies manipulated oxygen availability, eleven manipulated heat-stress, four implemented pre-cooling interventions and seven studies manipulated various forms of feedback. Mean power output (MPO) was significantly reduced in the middle and end sections (p < 0.05), but not the start section of hypoxia and heat-stress trials compared to the control trials. In contrast, there was no significant change in trial or section MPO for hyperoxic or pre-cooling conditions compared to the control condition (p > 0.05). Negative feedback improved overall trial MPO and MPO in the middle section of trials (p < 0.05), while informed feedback improved overall trial MPO (p < 0.05). However, positive, neutral and no feedback had no significant effect on overall trial or section MPO (p > 0.05). The available data suggests exercise regulation in hypoxia and heat-stress is delayed in the start section of trials, before significant reductions in MPO occur in the middle and end of the trial. Additionally, negative feedback involving performance deception may afford an upward shift in MPO in the middle section of the trial improving overall performance. Finally, performance improvements can be retained when participants are informed of the deception.

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Gamification-Based VR Rowing Simulation System

Han

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The effects of the presence of others during a rowing exercise in a virtual reality environment

Cited by 82 publications

References 45 publications

A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

A systematic review of the application of interactive virtual reality to sport

Effect of Environmental and Feedback Interventions on Pacing Profiles in Cycling: A Meta-Analysis

Gamification-Based VR Rowing Simulation System

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