The Effects of the Fungicide Myclobutanil on Soil Enzyme Activity

Roman, Diana Larisa; Matica, Mariana Adina; Ciorsac, Alecu; Boros, Bianca Vanesa; Isvoran, Adriana

doi:10.3390/agriculture13101956

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 65 publications

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“…Also, in this study, the enantioselective effects of the stereoisomers of these fungicides on the enzymes belonging to Lemna minor and involved in photosynthesis and cellular detoxification were not addressed. Published data reveal distinct interactions of stereoisomers of triazole fungicides with enzymes found in soil [10,60,64] and with proteins involved in human physiology [10,13]. Accordingly, in our opinion, this issue should be considered and will be the subject of another study.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Interactions Of Investigated Fungicides Wi...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Boros,

Roman,

Isvoran

2024

Metabolites

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Fungicides play an important role in crop protection, but they have also been shown to adversely affect non-target organisms, including those living in the aquatic environment. The aim of the present study is to combine experimental and computational approaches to evaluate the effects of flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, tetraconazole and triticonazole on aquatic model organisms and to obtain information on the effects of these fungicides on Lemna minor, a freshwater plant, at the molecular level. The EC50 (the half-maximum effective concentration) values for the growth inhibition of Lemna minor in the presence of the investigated fungicides show that metconazole (EC50 = 0.132 mg/L) and tetraconazole (EC50 = 0.539 mg/L) are highly toxic, tebuconazole (EC50 = 1.552 mg/L), flutriafol (EC50 = 3.428 mg/L) and myclobutanil (EC50 = 9.134 mg/L) are moderately toxic, and triticonazole (EC50 = 11.631 mg/L) is slightly toxic to this plant. The results obtained with the computational tools TEST, ADMETLab2.0 and admetSAR2.0 also show that metconazole and tetraconazole are toxic to other aquatic organisms: Pimephales promelas, Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena pyriformis. A molecular docking study shows that triazole fungicides can affect photosynthesis in Lemna minor because they strongly bind to C43 (binding energies between −7.44 kcal/mol and −7.99 kcal/mol) and C47 proteins (binding energies between −7.44 kcal/mol and −8.28 kcal/mol) in the reaction center of photosystem II, inhibiting the binding of chlorophyll a to these enzymes. In addition, they can also inhibit glutathione S-transferase, an enzyme involved in the cellular detoxification of Lemna minor.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Interactions Of Investigated Fungicides Wi...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Boros,

Roman,

Isvoran

2024

Metabolites

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Evaluation of the Impact of Flutriafol on Soil Culturable Microorganisms and on Soil Enzymes Activity

Roman,

Matica,

Boros

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Fungicides play a role in managing plant diseases but raise concerns about environmental impact, emphasizing the need to understand and minimize their effects on non-target ecosystems. Flutriafol is a fungicide used to combat fungal diseases in crops. It has two enantiomers that exhibit different levels of efficacy and environmental impact. This study focuses on evaluating the effects of different doses of flutriafol on soil microorganism populations and enzyme activity and the possible specificity of enantiomer interactions with soil enzymes by combining experimental and computational approaches. The effects of different doses of flutriafol on the population of microorganism and on the activity of soil enzymes were experimentally assessed. Molecular docking of the enantiomers with soil enzymes was used to assess the possible stereoselectivity of the interactions. Regardless of the dose used (normal dose recommended by the manufacturer for cereal crops, half this dose, and double dose), flutriafol had no significant impact on soil microbial communities or on catalase activity. The half dose of flutriafol produced increases in the activity of dehydrogenases (8%), phosphatases (26%), and urease (33%) during the first 7 days of incubation. Molecular docking showed that both enantiomers were able to bind to the active sites of dehydrogenases and phosphatases. The average value of the interaction energy observed for (R)-flutriafol with dehydrogenases was −7.85 kcal/mol, compared to −7.45 kcal/mol for the interaction of (S)-flutriafol with these enzymes. Similarly, the interaction energy obtained for the interaction of (R)-flutriafol with phosphatase was −9.16 kcal/mol, compared to −9.04 kcal/mol for the interaction of (S)-flutriafol with this enzyme. This study confirms the need to implement optimized application practices when using flutriafol by considering the enantiomer that is most effective on the target organism and less toxic to non-target ecosystems.

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Response of Soil Microbiota, Enzymes, and Plants to the Fungicide Azoxystrobin

Baćmaga,

Wyszkowska,

Kucharski

2024

IJMS

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The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of azoxystrobin—a fungicide commonly used in plant protection against pathogens (Amistar 250 SC)—on the soil microbiota and enzymes, as well as plant growth and development. The laboratory experiment was conducted in three analytical terms (30, 60, and 90 days) on sandy clay (pH—7.0). Azoxystrobin was applied to soil in doses of 0.00 (C), 0.110 (F) and 32.92 (P) mg kg−1 d.m. of soil. Its 0.110 mg kg−1 dose stimulated the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria but inhibited that of fungi. It also contributed to an increase in the colony development index (CD) and a decrease in the ecophysiological diversity index (EP) of all analyzed groups of microorganisms. Azoxystrobin applied at 32.92 mg kg−1 reduced the number and EP of microorganisms and increased their CD. PP952051.1 Bacillus mycoides strain (P), PP952052.1 Prestia megaterium strain (P) bacteria, as well as PP952052.1 Kreatinophyton terreum isolate (P) fungi were identified in the soil contaminated with azoxystrobin, all of which may exhibit resistance to its effects. The azoxystrobin dose of 0.110 mg kg−1 stimulated the activity of all enzymes, whereas its 32.92 mg kg−1 dose inhibited activities of dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease and stimulated the activity of catalase. The analyzed fungicide added to the soil at both 0.110 and 32.92 mg kg−1 doses inhibited seed germination and elongation of shoots of Lepidium sativum L., Sinapsis alba L., and Sorgum saccharatum L.

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The Effects of the Fungicide Myclobutanil on Soil Enzyme Activity

Cited by 4 publications

References 65 publications

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Evaluation of the Aquatic Toxicity of Several Triazole Fungicides

Evaluation of the Impact of Flutriafol on Soil Culturable Microorganisms and on Soil Enzymes Activity

Response of Soil Microbiota, Enzymes, and Plants to the Fungicide Azoxystrobin

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