The effects of the Fränkel's function regulator on the Class III malocclusion

Orthopedic Treatment Outcomes in Class III Malocclusion

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] The main reasons for exclusion were: case reports, reviews, opinion articles, studies concerning treatment in permanent dentition/adult patients, and studies about association between Class III malocclusion and malformation. Six of the studies were performed in the United States, 21,24,25,30,34,39 five in Japan, 28,29,31,33,37 four in Turkey, 22,26,32,38 two in the UK, 23,27 one in Korea, 35 and one in Italy. 36 …”

“…The 19 articles included one RCT 39 and 18 retrospective CCTs. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Three articles described the effects of chincup alone 27,29 or in association with fixed appliances. 33 Seven studies utilized a facemask alone 23,24,26,28,32,38,39 ; four articles described the orthopedic effect of a facemask in association with rapid maxillary expanders, 21,25,30,39 and one in combination with fixed appliances 34 ; one article described the effects of the facemask in combination with a Bionator III.…”

“…33 Seven studies utilized a facemask alone 23,24,26,28,32,38,39 ; four articles described the orthopedic effect of a facemask in association with rapid maxillary expanders, 21,25,30,39 and one in combination with fixed appliances 34 ; one article described the effects of the facemask in combination with a Bionator III. 36 Two articles analyzed the effects of the FR-3 appliance of Frä nkel, 22,35 two of a maxillary protractor bow appliance (MPBA), 31,37 one of double-plate appliance (DPA), 38 and one utilized a combination of an upper removable appliance in association with an extraoral traction to the mandibular dentition (EOT). 23 …”

“…In one study 23 values for each sex were given separately, as statistically significant differences were found, even if the composition of the groups with regard to severity of malocclusion and age was more difficult to manage. Three studies 22,35,39 combined the sexes because statistical significance was not found between them.…”

“…Withdrawals (dropouts) were declared only in the RCT study, 39 and in this study the number of dropouts was three. Nine articles used proper statistical methods [22][23][24]25,30,32,34,36,38 ; in the remaining studies the choice of a parametric test without data distribution analysis was inadequate. Thirteen studies included a method error analysis, ‡ and only one article used blinding in measurements.…”