The Effects of the Combination of a Refined Carbohydrate Diet and Exposure to Hyperoxia in Mice

Abstract

Obesity is a multifactorial disease with genetic, social, and environmental influences. This study aims at analyzing the effects of the combination of a refined carbohydrate diet and exposure to hyperoxia on the pulmonary oxidative and inflammatory response in mice. Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: control group (CG), hyperoxia group (HG), refined carbohydrate diet group (RCDG), and refined carbohydrate diet + hyperoxia group (RCDHG). The experimental diet was composed of 10% sugar, 45% standard diet, and 45% sweet condensed milk. For 24 hours, the HG and RCDHG were exposed to hyperoxia and the CG and RCDG to ambient air. After the exposures were completed, the animals were euthanized, and blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lungs were collected for analyses. The HG showed higher levels of interferon-γ in adipose tissue as compared to other groups and higher levels of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the CG and RCDHG. SOD and CAT activities in the pulmonary parenchyma decreased in the RCDHG as compared to the CG. There was an increase of lipid peroxidation in the HG, RCDG, and RCDHG as compared to the CG. A refined carbohydrate diet combined with hyperoxia promoted inflammation and redox imbalance in adult mice.

High-Fat Diet Increases HMGB1 Expression and Promotes Lung Inflammation in Mice Subjected to Mechanical Ventilation

“…For analyzing the adipocyte area, the histological sections were photographed using the same microscope with a 10x microscopic objective. Ten random fields were analyzed, and the mean area of the adipocytes was obtained by analyzing 50 adipocytes per slide in ImageJ 1.6.0 software (Wayne Rasband—National Institutes of Health, USA) [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Fatty acid synthase downregulation contributes to acute lung injury in murine diet-induced obesity

“…Obesity in the clinical setting may be more complex, where individuals with more of a diabetic profile are "protected" from acute lung injury, whereas individuals with higher lipid intake are more susceptible; and the balance between the two dictates the final outcome. A refined carbohydrate diet was found to promote inflammation and redox imbalance in mice after hyperoxia, but alveolar permeability was not measured in that study (46). A major limitation of our model is that we cannot discern whether the injurious effect on acute lung injury is due to the increased weight or the augmented fat intake irrespective of weight, although the findings in the ob/ob mice point to the latter.…”

The administration of a high refined carbohydrate diet promoted an increase in pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in mice exposed to cigarette smoke

“…Mice of RG and RCSG groups were fed with high palatability diet consisting of 10% refined sugar, 45% of standard chow, and 45% of Nestlé ® condensed milk (São Paulo, Brazil), which is used to promote body weight gain in animals 23–25. Mice of RCSG and CSG groups were exposed to 12 commercial filtered cigarette Virginia (10 mg tar, 0.9 mg nicotine, and 10 mg of carbon monoxide per cigarette) per day divided into three times daily (morning, afternoon, and night, four cigarettes per inhalation) for 5 consecutive days.…”

“…To perform the test, animals remained 12 hours on a fast and received a solution containing 2.5 g of glucose per kilogram of body mass via the orogastric gavage. Blood glucose was first measured and followed by the administration of the solution with the aid of an automatic glucometer (Accu-Chek Advantage/Roche Diagnostics Brazil Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil) and tapes to measure blood glucose at 0, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes 23–25…”