The Effects of the Cognitive Interview on Recall, Recognition and the Confidence/Accuracy Relationship

Gwyer, Patrick G; Clifford, Brian R.; Dritschel, Barbara

doi:10.1515/9783110804799.53

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…5 Such improvements are similar to those observed in other studies that have used the SI as a control (e.g. adults, Gwyer & Clifford, 1997;children, Holliday, 2003a,b;metaanalysis, Köhnken et al, 1999). Although it may be impossible to eliminate underlying age differences in recall (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Enhancing the recall of young, young–old and old–old adults with cognitive interviews

Wright

Holliday

2006

Applied Cognitive Psychology

102

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Two studies examined whether a Cognitive Interview improves older witnesses' recall. Study 1 compared the quality and quantity of older adults' recall when given a typical UK police interview, the Enhanced Cognitive Interview (ECI), or a modified version of the Cognitive Interview (MCI). The MCI was identical to the ECI except that the change perspective technique was omitted. Old-old (75-95-years) adults' recall was less complete and less accurate than that of young-old (60-74-years) adults, which was less complete and accurate than that of young (17-31-years) adults. The ECI and MCI increased the number of correct Person, Action, Object and Surrounding details reported across every age group, without increasing the number of incorrect or confabulated details recalled. In Study 2, it was found that these effects remained when interviews were re-scored using a system that reflected police officers' decisions about the investigative relevance of details.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…classroom disruption) and then recruit witnesses as participants after the fact 7 (e.g. Gwyer & Clifford, 1997). Some initially disguise the nature of their investigation (e.g.…”

Section: Potential Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the recall of young, young–old and old–old adults with cognitive interviews

Wright

Holliday

2006

Applied Cognitive Psychology

102

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“…The influence of the passage of time on eyewitness performance is a subject that has been neglected by researchers. (Gwyer & Clifford, 1997). However, because the interval between a witness's initial encounter with a perpetrator and a lineup identification is one factor that can be known in virtually all applied contexts, it would be quite useful to understand how delay mediates both the objective possibility of accurate performance and the processing strategies applied to the task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This analysis raises the possibility that enhancing recall of contextual information about the original meeting with the target might help seniors avoid false identifications in the lineup situation. Although prior evidence on this issue is mixed, Gwyer and Clifford (1997) found that an interview that incorporated context reinstatement techniques reduced false choices in target-absent lineups. Positive effects of context reinstatement on lineup identification also were found by Malpass and Devine (1981); Krafka and Penrod (1985); Cutler, Penrod, and Martens (1987); Cutler and Penrod (1988); and Smith and Vela (1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Aging and lineup performance at long retention intervals: Effects of metamemory and context reinstatement.

Searcy

Bartlett²,

Memon

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Young (18-30 years) and older (62-79 years) adults (N = 96) engaged in a 20-min live interaction with the future target in a lineup task. One month later, participants were interviewed about the events in the prior encounter (with or without context reinstatement), and then they saw a target-present (TP) or target-absent (TA) lineup. The lineup was followed by the Benton Face Recognition Test (A. Benton, A. Sivan, K. Hamsher, N. Varney, & O. Spreen, 1994), which correlated positively with accuracy in TP, especially for young adults. False identification in TA was associated with (a) higher scores on a memory self-efficacy scale and (b) higher recall of information about the initial event, although only for seniors. Results suggested that age-related increases in false identification generalize to ecologically valid conditions and that seniors' performance on lineups is negatively related to verbal recall as well as to self-reports of satisfactory experiences with memory in life.

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“…Finally, the interviewer also asks the witness to actively visualize the target and his or her appearance. Although the original findings by Malpass and Devine (1981) on improving eyewitness identifications after a long delay by reinstating the mental context of the witnesses appeared promising, later attempts to use the classical cognitive interview techniques or various components thereof to improve identification performance appeared less successful (Clifford & Gwyer, 1999;Cutler et al, 1987a;Fisher, McCauley, & Geiselman, 1994;Gwyer & Clifford, 1997;Searcy, Bartlett, Memon, & Swanson, 2001). Finger and Pezdek (1999) have even found that identification accuracy deteriorated when participants described a target immediately before trying to identify him (Experiment 1; presumably due to verbal overshadowing Á see below) but not when the identification task followed after some delay (Experiments 2 and 3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Person descriptions as retrieval cues: Do they really help?

Sporer

2007

Psychology, Crime & Law

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Person descriptions by witnesses are an important part of police investigations. In most cases they precede a later person identification task. While some authors believe that verbalizing faces would lead to a detriment in identification performance (verbal overshadowing), the present study focused on potential benefits of reinstatement of context by re-reading one's own person description prior to making an identification. In a laboratory experiment using a video film of a theft, re-reading one's description led to a slight improvement in identification, and a reduction in confidence ratings. Additional data on the relationship between person descriptions and identification are presented. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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The Effects of the Cognitive Interview on Recall, Recognition and the Confidence/Accuracy Relationship

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancing the recall of young, young–old and old–old adults with cognitive interviews

Enhancing the recall of young, young–old and old–old adults with cognitive interviews

Aging and lineup performance at long retention intervals: Effects of metamemory and context reinstatement.

Person descriptions as retrieval cues: Do they really help?

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