The effects of the cathode array on emitted hard x-ray from a small plasma focus device

Piriaei, D.; Mahabadi, T. D.; Javadi, Saman; Ghoranneviss, M.

doi:10.1063/1.4996019

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For both sensors, the wavelet transform representation is also included for visualizing the frequency components that appear during the discharge. The use of the wavelet transform is adequate given that one of its applications is for detecting time-localized events in noisy signals [51] and, previously, it was used by Piriaei et al [52] for analyzing the frequency content of electric signals measured from the DPF operation using a Mirnov coil.…”

Section: A Time and Frequency Domain Analysis Of The Measured Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relationship Between the Electromagnetic Burst and Inductive Sensor Measurement of a Pulsed Plasma Accelerator

et al. 2019

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A remote and non-invasive diagnostic of the plasma focus using antennas is presented in this work. The main motivation is the application of such diagnostic in a miniaturized plasma accelerator, based on the plasma focus architecture, as a cube satellite thruster. The evaluation of this proposal was carried out measuring a hundred of joules plasma focus operation simultaneously with the inductive measurement and antennas. Three different antennas tuned in the ultra high frequency range were tested: a monopole, Vivaldi and helical. The high frequency transients detected with the antennas were time correlated to the known inductive measurement features. The initial dielectric breakdown and later plasma pinch and subsequent disruption (i.e. the source of the propulsion) were identified to be the principal phenomena to be detected. Signal parameter correlations between the inductive sensor and the antennas showed that the pinch phenomena can be correlated with the antenna signals. Good correlation results were obtained with the monopole antenna when using peak value and signal energy parameter from the antenna transient. An improvement in the correlation results, for the helical and Vivaldi antennas, was obtained when calculating the frequency band energy. In this case, the Vivaldi antenna achieved the best results. The results of the monopole antenna make it an alternative remote sensor for plasma focus, but for the application of a miniaturized plasma focus as pulsed plasma thruster, the Vivaldi antenna is a more feasible design to replace the inductive diagnostic due to its compact design in comparison to the monopole. INDEX TERMS Inductive sensor, pulsed plasma thruster, plasma focus, ultra high frequency antennas.

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Section: A Time and Frequency Domain Analysis Of The Measured Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Relationship Between the Electromagnetic Burst and Inductive Sensor Measurement of a Pulsed Plasma Accelerator

et al. 2019

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“…Piriaei et al [28][29][30] reports an experiment where three types of cathodes were examined. Like part of the results, the experience shows a noticeable decrease in the x-ray production when a structure cathode-less is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense plasma focus: different cathode geometries and their influence on the hard x-ray production

Barbaglia

Giovachini

Milanese

2023

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Using the plasma-focus device called PACO (Plasma Auto COnfinado), three types of cathodes were experimentally investigated to evaluate their influence on the hard X-ray production. Two barred cathodes with diameters of 82 mm and 90 mm and one cathode without any specific structure (i.e. the current sheet flowed freely on the radial axis) were tested for this work. In every experiment, the capacitor bank was charged to 31KV. The gas used was deuterium in the pressure range of 0.5 mbar and 3.0 mbar. The production of neutrons and hard X-ray simultaneously was not detected outside this range. Using the cathode with a diameter of 82 mm the hard X-ray production was maximized.

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“…Except for the papers of Gerdin et al [34] and Schmidt et al [33], no further relationship of the EM radiation with plasma focus phenomena has been reported. Using a Mirnov Coil, an inductive sensor, Piriaei et al [35] associated a relation between the measured signal and changes in the electrode geometry of a plasma focus device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard X-Ray Emission Detection Using Deep Learning Analysis of the Radiated UHF Electromagnetic Signal From a Plasma Focus Discharge

et al. 2019

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A method to determine the presence of hard X-ray emission processes from a dense plasma focus (205 J, 22 kV, 6.5 mbar H 2) using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) measurements and deep learning techniques is presented. Simultaneously, the electromagnetic UHF radiation emitted from the plasma focus was measured with a Vivaldi UHF antenna, while the hard X-ray emission was measured with a scintillator-photomultiplier system. A classification algorithm based on deep learning methods, using two-dimensional convolutional layers, was implemented to predict the hard X-ray signal standard deviation value using only the antenna signal measurement. Two independent datasets, consisting of 999 and 1761 data pairs each, were used in the analysis. Different realizations of the training/validation process using a deep learning model, obtained overall better results in comparison to other machine learning methods like kneighbors, decision trees, gradient boost, and random forest. The results of the deep learning algorithm, and even its comparison with other machine learning methods, indicate that a relationship between the electromagnetic UHF radiation and hard X-ray emission can be established, enabling the indirect detection of hard X-ray pulses only using the UHF antenna signal. This indirect detection presents the opportunity to have a simple and low-cost diagnostic, compared to the methods currently used to characterize the pulses of X-rays emitted from plasma focus discharges. INDEX TERMS Deep learning, Plasma focus, UHF antenna, X-ray pulse.

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The effects of the cathode array on emitted hard x-ray from a small plasma focus device

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

On the Relationship Between the Electromagnetic Burst and Inductive Sensor Measurement of a Pulsed Plasma Accelerator

On the Relationship Between the Electromagnetic Burst and Inductive Sensor Measurement of a Pulsed Plasma Accelerator

Dense plasma focus: different cathode geometries and their influence on the hard x-ray production

Hard X-Ray Emission Detection Using Deep Learning Analysis of the Radiated UHF Electromagnetic Signal From a Plasma Focus Discharge

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