“…Prior empirical research on correctional officers' work experience has indeed shown mixed results. Some studies observed that new officers were the most likely to have a human service orientation (e.g., Jurik, 1985;Kifer et al, 2003;Van Voorhis, Cullen, Link, & Travis Wolfe, 1991), others showed that the most experienced officers were more likely to support the rehabilitation goal of corrections (e.g., Antonio & Young, 2011;Cullen, Latessa, Burton, & Lombardo, 1993;Farkas, 1999), and still others reported no significant association between years of service and officers' correctional orientation (e.g., Gordon, 2006;Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2008).…”