The effects of tempol, 3-aminobenzamide and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on acoustic injury of the mouse cochlea

Mechanism Underlying the Protective Effect of Tempol and Nω-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester on Acoustic Injury: Possible Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Pathway and Connexin26 in the Cochlear Spiral Ligament

“…In addition, acoustic overstimulation enhances the expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS3) in the stria vascularis and hair cells of the cochlea in mice and guinea pigs (4). Furthermore, the ROS scavenger tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) or the NOS inhibitor N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) decreases the ABR threshold shift caused by acoustic overstimulation (5,6). c-Jun N-termi-nal kinase (JNK) / stress-activated protein kinase is an important mediator of apoptosis in different model systems (7 -9).…”

L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acoustic Injury in the Cochlea

“…The animals were exposed to a 4-kHz pure tone of 128 dB SPL (sound pressure level) for 4 hours in an open field system while awake (Uemaetomari et al 2005;Murashita et al 2006;Hoshino et al 2008).…”

The Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Protect Mouse Cochlea against Acoustic Injury

“…Sound intensity was measured at multiple locations within the sound chamber using an SPL meter (NA-60, RION, Tokyo, Japan) to ensure the uniformity of exposure stimuli, and the sound intensity of exposure stimuli was confirmed to vary by a maximum of 1 dB (Uemaetomari et al 2005;Murashita et al 2006).…”

“…overexposure of 128 dB SPL for 4 hours induced hearing loss and hair cell loss (Uemaetomari et al 2005;Murashita et al 2006). The maximum hair cell loss was observed in a 66% region from apex o f t h e c o c h l e a i n t h i s m o d e l ( F i g .…”

“…The maximum hair cell loss was observed in a 66% region from apex o f t h e c o c h l e a i n t h i s m o d e l ( F i g . 3 A : Uemaetomari et al 2005;Murashita et al 2006). Fig.…”