The effects of temperature upon the reproduction and respiration of a marine obligate psychrophile

Christian, R. R.; Wiebe, W. J.

doi:10.1139/m74-207

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This does not agree with the positive relationship between cyanobacteria abundance and temperature suggested in several studies (Murphy & Haugen 1985, Waterbury et al 1986, Marchant et al 1987, Gradinger & Lenz 1989; however, these results were for temperatures higher than those measured in the present study) and supported by examples from oceans (El Hag & Fogg 1986, Jochem 1988, Kuosa 1990, Legendre et al 1993) and lakes (Caron et al 1985, Weisse 1988. Nor does it agree with the very low growth rate found for heterotrophic bacteria at nearfreezing temperature (Christian & Wiebe 1974). An explanation might be the existence of a cold-water race or species of cyanobacteria, as suggested by Shapiro & Haugen (1988) for the North Atlantic.…”

Section: Salinity and Temperaturecontrasting

confidence: 89%

Ultra-algae (<5 pm) in the ice, at the ice-water interface and in the under-ice water column (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada)

Robineau¹,

Legendre²,

Therriault³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In ice-covered southeastern Hudson Bay (Canada), the plume of the Great Whale River determines onshore-offshore gradients in salinity, concentrations of suspended particles and of dissolved nutrients, and stratification of the water column. Because of the snow and ice cover, irradiance in the water column is low, and it is further attenuated by the turbidity of water in the plume. Ultraalgae (0.4 to 5 pm) were found primarily in the sea-ice bottom, and they also occurred at the ice-water interface and in the water column. This is the first time such algae have been directly observed in the sea-ice environment. Concentrations ranged between 36 X 103 and 63 X 106 cells I-', and the contribution to total chlorophyll a varied from 9 to 96%. Concentrations of ultra-algae in this subarctic environment and their contribution to total algal biomass were much higher than previously hypothesized for high-latitude marine waters. Ultra-algal abundances varied primarily w~t h depth, but also with distance from shore and with time. The ice bottom, the ice-water interface and the water column formed distinct habitats, which were colonized by different taxonomic assemblages. These comprised chlorophyll-rich eucaryotes (35 to 93 %), procaryotic cyanobacteria (phycoerythrin-rich, 2 to 51 %; and phycocyanin-rich, 4 to 24 %) and eucaryote cryptomonads (0 to 6 % ) . Eucaryotes were dominant in the ice bottom and at the ice-water interface. Their importance increased with distance from shore, following the onshore-offshore salinity gradient. Procaryotes dominated in the water column near the mouth of the river. Total abundances were well correlated with salinity at the bottom of the ice (which determined ice structure), and with light attenuation at the ice-water interface and in the water column (which reflected particle load). It is concluded that the main factor controlling ultra-algal abundances. in the studied environment, is the availability of solid substratum (i.e. ice structure and particle load).

show abstract

Section: Salinity and Temperaturecontrasting

confidence: 89%

Ultra-algae (<5 pm) in the ice, at the ice-water interface and in the under-ice water column (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada)

Robineau¹,

Legendre²,

Therriault³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…whereas a dominantly mesophilic population was implied at Weddewarden. Strictly, however, the thermal classes refer to temperature dependence of growth, for which narrower limits and a lower optimum is typically found than for respiration (Harder & Veldkamp 1971, Christian & Wiebe 1974, Isaksen & Jsrgensen 1996. We can therefore not exclude the pclssibi!ity thst the Sva!bard commnnities were sctually dominated by psychrophilic bactena that did not grow but continued to respire above 20°C.…”

Section: Discussion Oxygen Respirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of oxygen respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification in Arctic sediments

Thamdrup¹,

Fleischer²

1998

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The temperature dependence of oxic minerahzation processes in perenn~ally cold coastal sediments from Arctic Svalbard, Norway, was determined in short-term incubations at -1 to 44'C and compared to similar incubations with warm temperate sediment. For oxygen respirat~on, nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification, adaptations to low temperature were evident with the microbial comrnunities from Svalbard. Oxygen respiration rates showed the same temperature dependence at all sites around Svalbard, with relatively high rates at O°C and a linear 3-to 4-fold increase from 0°C to a mean optimum temperature of 19.ZoC, whereas rates in the temperate sediment were close to zero at O°C and had optimum at 30 to 40°C. The temperature dependence of nitrogen mineralization was comparable to that of oxygen respiration, and C:N mineralization ratios in the Svalbard sediments were stable at 6 to 8 below 20°C. Thus, low temperature did not affect carbon and nitrogen mineralizatlon differentially. The most prominent adaptation to low temperatures was observed for nitrification, which had a mean optimum temperature of 14.0°C at Svalbard and decreased rapidly in rate at higher temperatures. In the warm temperate sediment the nitrification optimum was near 40°C. The catalytic efficiency of the nitrifying communities from Svalbard, at their in situ temperature, was as high as that reported for cornmunities from temperate regions. This implied that thermal adaptation fully compensated for direct temperature effects on this metabolism.

show abstract

“…Because Pomeroy et al (1991) were using a final concentration of 5 nmol Tdr and the Fuhrman & Azam (1980) conversion factor, their Tdr uptake measurements probably underestimated bacterial production. Moreover, respiration and growth are different parameters of bacterial activity and are not necessarily correlated (Christian & Wiebe 1974, Yager & Deming 1999) Rivkin et al (1996) later measured bacterial production at the same Conception Bay station for 18 mo, also using 5 nmol Tdr, but using dilution cultures each month to create a conversion factor. Rivkin et al (1996) reported very little seasonal change in bacterial productivity in the mixed layer.…”

Section: Temperate Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the term, 'cold-ocean paradigm' by Rivkin et al (1996) to describe our hypothesis of temperature-substrate interaction directs attention toward low temperatures and away from interaction with substrates. Permanently cold environments, with an annual range in temperature ≤ 4°C, which include the high polar regions and much of the deep ocean, represent, in some respects, a different case from seasonally cold temperate waters, a distinction recognized by Christian & Wiebe (1974) and Karl (1993). In polar waters, and perhaps even in abyssal waters receiving a seasonal rain of detritus (Billett et al 1983), there is evidence for a seasonal shift from a winter early bloom regime with little microbial activity to a summer late bloom regime, in which both zooplankton grazing and microbial loop activity are major processes (Turley & Lochte 1990, Conover & Huntley 1991, Thingstad & Martinussen 1991, Carlson et al 1998, Bird & Karl 1999.…”

Section: Permanently Cold Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In permanently cold surface waters with a temperature span ≤ 4°C, the highly stenothermic isolate of Christian & Wiebe (1974) showed that, given the appropriate substrate, it could remain active throughout the year. While temperature is always an underlying factor in metabolic activity, as Morita (1974) and others have demonstrated, it need not stop bacterial growth in polar waters.…”

Section: Permanently Cold Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature and substrates as interactive limiting factors for marine heterotrophic bacteria

Pomeroy¹,

Wiebe²

2001

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

530

385

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active heterotrophic bacterial communities exist in all marine environments, and although their growth rates or respiratory rates may be limited by the interaction of low substrate concentrations with temperatures near their lower limit for growth, temperature and substrate concentrations are rarely considered together as limiting factors. Moreover, attempts to evaluate metabolic limits by both temperature and substrate concentration have sometimes led to confusing conclusions, because, while we can measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in natural waters, much of it is not readily available to heterotrophic bacteria. In spite of this procedural limitation, it can be helpful to regard temperature and substrate concentration as potential limiting factors that interact. In temperate ocean surface waters and estuarine waters, where bacterial growth is often reduced in winter, growth and respiration may be increased experimentally either by raising the temperature or by increasing organic substrate concentrations, providing indirect evidence that the limitation is an effect of temperature on substrate uptake or assimilation. Experimental work with bacterial isolates also has shown a temperature-substrate interaction. In permanently cold polar waters, most heterotrophic bacteria appear to be living at temperatures well below their optima for growth. Nevertheless, bacteria in permanently cold surface waters can achieve activity rates in summer that are as high as those in temperate waters. In sea ice, rates of bacterial production are most often low, even though concentrations of substrates, including free amino acids, are sometimes much higher than they are in seawater. This suggests that at sea ice temperatures heterotrophic bacteria have lowered ability to take up or utilize organic substrates. KEY WORDS: Temperature · Substrates · Heterotrophic bacteria · Limiting factorsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

show abstract

The effects of temperature upon the reproduction and respiration of a marine obligate psychrophile

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Ultra-algae (<5 pm) in the ice, at the ice-water interface and in the under-ice water column (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada)

Ultra-algae (<5 pm) in the ice, at the ice-water interface and in the under-ice water column (southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada)

Temperature dependence of oxygen respiration, nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification in Arctic sediments

Temperature and substrates as interactive limiting factors for marine heterotrophic bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About