“…The limit major strain at the plain strain condition was approximately 0.2 [13], which was equivalent to the limit strain of AA6082 formed at 300°C at a speed of 250 mm/s. The potential to form AA6082 at high forming speeds would enhance the production rates for lightweight aluminium alloy vehicle components.…”
Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of AA6082 at warm/hot stamping conditions were determined by using a specially designed test rig. The tests were carried out at various temperatures from 300 to 450°C and forming speeds ranging from 75 to 400 mm/s. The strain was visualized and measured using ARGUS software provided by GOM. The results clearly show that the formability of AA6082-T6 sheet metal, in terms of the limit major strain, increased by 38.9 % when the forming temperature was increased from 300°C to 450°C at a speed of 250 mm/s, and increased by 42.4 % when the forming speed was decreased from 400 to 75 mm/s at a temperature of 400°C. It was verified that hot stamping is a promising technology for manufacturing complex-shaped components.
“…The limit major strain at the plain strain condition was approximately 0.2 [13], which was equivalent to the limit strain of AA6082 formed at 300°C at a speed of 250 mm/s. The potential to form AA6082 at high forming speeds would enhance the production rates for lightweight aluminium alloy vehicle components.…”
Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of AA6082 at warm/hot stamping conditions were determined by using a specially designed test rig. The tests were carried out at various temperatures from 300 to 450°C and forming speeds ranging from 75 to 400 mm/s. The strain was visualized and measured using ARGUS software provided by GOM. The results clearly show that the formability of AA6082-T6 sheet metal, in terms of the limit major strain, increased by 38.9 % when the forming temperature was increased from 300°C to 450°C at a speed of 250 mm/s, and increased by 42.4 % when the forming speed was decreased from 400 to 75 mm/s at a temperature of 400°C. It was verified that hot stamping is a promising technology for manufacturing complex-shaped components.
“…Such an empirical relationship can be observed at other strain paths on the FLCs measured from different temperatures and strain rates on Al5083 sheet material [1,23]. Based on this, the major limit strain ε * 1 can be expressed as…”
Section: Zener-hollomon Based Forming Limit Surface (Z-fls)mentioning
confidence: 80%
“…The construction procedure can avoid reduced amount of data points measured at larger minor strain levels, which happens when Z-FLS is constructed in the space of ) ) ln( , ( 2 Z ε directly [1]. For example, in the test data of sheet material Al 5083 [1,23], at 3 . 0 2 − = ε , only four major limit strains can be measured from tested FLCs at temperatures of 423, 473, and 573 °K and strain rates of 10 −1 /s, 10 −2 /s, and 10 −4 /s while 12 data points (major limit strains) can be measured at Finite element method based forming simulations are widely used to design and optimize sheet metal forming processes [12].…”
Abstract:The concept of Zener-Hollomon (Z) based Forming Limit Surface (Z-FLS)-which has minor strain, major strain, and ln(Z) as its three axes-was initially proposed in a previous study. In the Z-FLS diagram, strain rate and temperature effects on the major limit strain are reflected by ln(Z). In the current study, the concept of Z-FLS is revisited to provide a practical approach to construct Z-FLS. A Z-FLS then is constructed for magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet material using available experimental forming limit curves. The constructed Z-FLS is used to identify fracture in a non-isothermal warm cup forming process, which was modeled as a coupled thermo-mechanical process. Based on the Z-FLS, the determined limiting draw ratio (LDR) matches well with the published experimental results.
“…The low n and m values revealed in Figs. 6 and 5, respectively, indicate that the HR LZ141 alloy has lower metal-forming limit strains 34) , especially for ε ≤ 3.33 × 10…”
Section: Discussion On Tensile and Charpy Impact Properties Of Hr Lz1mentioning
The hot-rolled Mg-14.3Li-0.8Zn (HR LZ141) alloy exhibits anisotropic tensile properties with an average value of the normal anisotropic parameter, r avg , of 0.6. From microstructural observation, it is proposed that the mechanical bering, which is caused by the preferred alignment of the small α-phase particles in the rolling direction, results in this anisotropic property. Both strain rate ε and temperature T in uence the tensile properties. At 6.67 × 10 −5 s −1 to 6.67 × 10 −2 s −1 and room temperature, the tensile properties are all linear and sensitive to the log-scale ε . The strain-rate sensitivity exponent, m, is 0.055 at all testing ε . The work-hardening exponent, n, is positive, and the higher the ε is, the larger the n-value is, but the increase in the n-value is quite low for ε < 3.33 × 10 −4 s −1 and ε > 6.67 × 10 −3 s −1. The yield point phenomenon appears in σ-ε curves at room temperature when ε = 6.67 × 10 −5 s −1 , and at 343 K when ε = 3.33 × 10 −3 s −1. The work-softening phenomenon occurs at T ≥ 343 K with ε = 3.33 × 10 −3 s −1. The yield stress and UTS increase but the elongation decreases as the testing temperature decreases. The Charpy impact test indicates that different notch orientations in uence the impact energy due to the formation of mechanical bering, and the result of impact energy vs. temperature shows no signi cance of transition temperature.
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