The Effects of System Grounding, Bus Insulation and Probability on Arc Flash Hazard Reduction - Part 2: Testing

Nelson, John P.; Billman, Joshua; Bowen, J.; Martindale, Dane

doi:10.1109/pcicon.2014.6961901

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Yet, fault currents in the range of 30-50 kA peak were recorded. [1] Some of those test results are pertinent to this paper. In particular, it was found that:…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less than 3% of the faults originate as a phase-phase fault and less than 1% originate as a three-phase fault. 1 Experience has shown that most faults that originate as a three phase fault are the result of maintenance grounding-conductors not being properly removed prior to re-energizing the power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testing has shown that an arcing ground fault on a solidly grounded system will typically propagate into a three phase fault in the sub-cycle range while a ground fault on an HRG system will not. [1] In technical terms, the ground fault current is limited by the amount of resistance in the zero sequence circuit. (Under most conditions, the resistance is proportional to the size of the resistor connected between the ground and the neutral of the transformer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…• Potential single pole breaker clearing issues when a second ground fault occurs on a second phase This paper will include comments from recent testing which were conducted at the KEMA labs and presented in a recent IAS-Petrochemical Industry Committee Paper in September 2014. [1] Index Terms -High resistance grounding (HRG), arc voltage, safety by design, arcing faults, impedance grounding, grounding conductors, solidly grounded, symmetrical components, zig-zag transformer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Improved Electrical Safety Through High Resistance Grounding

Nelson¹

2015

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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High resistance grounding (HRG) is a well proven technology for improving electric reliability for many industrial and utility facilities such as used in petro-chemical, automotive, and generating plants. Many such facilities require the increased reliability for production and operational reasons. This paper will discuss the improved personnel safety aspects of using high resistance grounding on low voltage systems. In particular, the paper will discuss:•The probability of the three common faults occurring within an industrial plant: Three phase, phase-tophase, and ground faults. •How the probability of a ground fault can be used to improve electrical safety with HRG. •The impact of a ground fault on a system and the speed at which the ground fault on a solidly grounded system may propagate into a multi-phase fault •The risk reduction of a ground fault on an HRG system propagating into a multi-phase fault •The potential reduction in serious and fatal arc blast injuries through the use of an HRG system. • Potential single pole breaker clearing issues when a second ground fault occurs on a second phase This paper will include comments from recent testing which were conducted at the KEMA labs and presented in a recent IAS-Petrochemical Industry Committee Paper in September 2014. [1]

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“…Yet, fault currents in the range of 30-50 kA peak were recorded. [1] Some of those test results are pertinent to this paper. In particular, it was found that:…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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