The effects of surfactant template concentration on the supercapacitive behaviors of hierarchically porous carbons

Zhang, Xiaoyan; Su, Jincang; Wang, Xianyou; Jiang, Lanlan; Wu, Hao; Wu, Chau Ron

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.070

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Clearly, the internal resistance of the SCs increases with the discharge current density. This phenomenon was also observed in many other studies [50,51] and is explained as follows: the IR drop is regarded as the initial voltage loss to establish the electric field that is needed to drive the preset discharge current; as the electrode spacing is fixed, a high discharge current requires a high electric field. These IR drop values (0.02 V at 1.0 mA cm À2 and 0.21 V at 4.0 mA cm À2 ) are lower than those of similar SCs devices, such as Ni(OH) 2 -G//CNT-G (0.25 V at 3.0 mA cm À2 ) [35] and Ni(OH) 2 -G//RuO 2 -G (0.1 V at 0.33 mA cm À2 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates

Xie

Tang

et al. 2016

ChemSusChem

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To push the energy density limit of supercapacitors (SCs), new electrode materials with hierarchical nano-micron pore architectures are strongly desired. Graphene hydrogels that consist of 3 D porous frameworks have received particular attention but their capacitance is limited by electrical double layer capacitance. In this work, we report the rational design and fabrication of a composite hydrogel of N-doped graphene (NG) that contains embedded Ni(OH) nanoplates that is cut conveniently into films to serve as positive electrodes for flexible asymmetric solid-state SCs with NG hydrogel films as negative electrodes. The use of high-power ultrasound leads to hierarchically porous micron-scale sheets that consist of a highly interconnected 3 D NG network in which Ni(OH) nanoplates are well dispersed, which avoids the stacking of NG, Ni(OH) , and their composites. The optimal SC device benefits from the compositional features and 3 D electrode architecture and has a high specific areal capacitance of 255 mF cm at 1.0 mA cm and a very stable, high output cell voltage of 1.45 V, which leads to an energy density of 80 μW h cm even at a high power of 944 μW cm , considerably higher than that reported for similar devices. The devices exhibit a high rate capability and only 8 % capacitance loss over 10 000 charging cycles as well as excellent flexibility with no clear performance degradation under strong bending.

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confidence: 55%

Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates

Xie

Tang

et al. 2016

ChemSusChem

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“…In contrast to NISE-1, the capacitive behavior of NISO was observed to be much lower regardless of the fact that both samples have similar crystal phases. Among other factors, the charge storage behavior can also be affected by the nature and concentration of the surfactants [74][75][76] . An optimum amount of surfactant results in enhanced supercapacitance, whereas a higher concentration or densely populated surface may have a detrimental effect on the charge storage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct solvent free synthesis of bare α-NiS, β-NiS and α-β-NiS composite as excellent electrocatalysts: Effect of self-capping on supercapacitance and overall water splitting activity

Shombe

Khan

Zequine

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Nickel sulfide is regarded as a material with tremendous potential for energy storage and conversion applications. However, it exists in a variety of stable compositions and obtaining a pure phase is a challenge. this study demonstrates a potentially scalable, solvent free and phase selective synthesis of uncapped α-niS, β-niS and α-β-niS composites using nickel alkyl (ethyl, octyl) xanthate precursors. Phase transformation and morphology were observed by powder-X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The comparative efficiency of the synthesized samples was investigated for energy storage and generation applications, in which superior performance was observed for the niS synthesized from the short chain xanthate complex. A high specific capacitance of 1,940 F/g, 2,150 F/g and 2,250 F/g was observed at 2 mV/s for bare α-niS, β-niS and α-β-NiS composite respectively. At high current density of 1 A/g, α-niS showed the highest capacitance of 1,287 F/g, with 100% of Coulombic efficiency and 79% of capacitance retention. In the case of the oxygen evolution reaction (oeR), β-NiS showed an overpotential of 139 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 , with a Tafel slope of only 32 mV/dec, showing a fast and efficient process. It was observed that the increase in carbon chain of the synthesized self-capped nickel sulfide nanoparticles decreased the overall efficiency, both for energy storage and energy generation applications. As a step towards the implementation of sustainable energy development strategies, research on the design of high-performance energy storage and conversion systems is gathering renewed momentum 1-3. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and supercapacitors (SCs) are examples of the most studied energy storage devices 4,5. Energy conversion systems on the other hand, constitute a series of electrochemical reactions occurring in an electrolytic cell or in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 3. Hydrogen is a clean and sustainable energy carrier, currently regarded as the best alternative fuel of the future 6,7. Its generation via the electrocatalytic splitting of water is a commonly investigated energy conversion technology 8. The performance of both energy storage devices and energy conversion systems is largely influenced by the type of electroactive material employed. Generally, for energy conversion systems the goal is to develop low cost, earth-abundant and efficient electrocatalysts that will replace Pt-, Ir-and Ru-based compounds 9 , while for energy storage devices, the goal is to develop advanced electrode materials that can deliver high energy and power densities 10. Carbon-based materials 11 , conductive polymers 12 , transition metal oxides 13 , nitrides 14 , carbides 14 , phosphides 15 , and sulfides 5 are among the materials investigated for both energy storage and generation applications. Owing to their low cost, high electrochemical activity as well as mechanical and thermal stability, transition

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“…According to Conway's model, self‐discharge processes that follow different mechanisms would perform different potential fading rate . Other than this work, studies on proper modeling and simulation of self‐discharge have been performed by many, including some supplement to Conway's model. For example, Kaus et al suggested that charge distribution at an open circuit may contribute to self‐discharge.…”

Section: Structure–property Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical capacitor applications: advantages and limitations of activated carbon, carbide‐derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, onion‐like carbon, and graphene

Yushin

2013

WIREs Energy & Environment

477

369

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Electric double layer capacitors, also called supercapacitors, ultracapacitors, and electrochemical capacitors, are gaining increasing popularity in high power energy storage applications. Novel carbon materials with high surface area, high electrical conductivity, as well as a range of shapes, sizes and pore size distributions are being constantly developed and tested as potential supercapacitor electrodes. This article provides an overview of the electrochemical studies on activated carbon, carbide derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogel, carbon nanotube, onion‐like carbon, and graphene. We discuss the key performance advantages and limitations of various nanostructured carbon materials and provide an overview of the current understanding of the structure–property relationships related to the transport and adsorption of electrolyte ions on their surfaces, specific and volumetric capacitance, self‐discharge, cycle life, electrolyte stability, and others. We discuss the impact of microstructural defects, pore size distribution, pore tortuosity, chemistry and functional groups on the carbon surface, nanoscale curvature, and carbon‐electrolyte interfacial energy. Finally, we review state‐of‐the art commercial large scale applications of supercapacitors, including their use in smart grids and distributed energy storage, hybrid electric and electric vehicles, energy efficient industrial equipment, ships, wind power stations, uninterruptible power supplies, power backup, and consumer devices. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:424–473. doi: 10.1002/wene.102 This article is categorized under: Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials Energy Infrastructure > Science and Materials Energy and Development > Science and Materials Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials

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The effects of surfactant template concentration on the supercapacitive behaviors of hierarchically porous carbons

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates

Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Hydrogels with Embedded Nickel Hydroxide Nanoplates

Direct solvent free synthesis of bare α-NiS, β-NiS and α-β-NiS composite as excellent electrocatalysts: Effect of self-capping on supercapacitance and overall water splitting activity

Review of nanostructured carbon materials for electrochemical capacitor applications: advantages and limitations of activated carbon, carbide‐derived carbon, zeolite‐templated carbon, carbon aerogels, carbon nanotubes, onion‐like carbon, and graphene

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