The effects of surface roughness of sediment particles on the respiration of case-bearing caddisfly larvae

Okano, Jun-ichi; Sasaki, Osamu; Kano, Harumasa

doi:10.1086/685713

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The availability of preferable case materials is a critical factor that affects the larval fitness. It has been reported that they have a strong preference for smooth-surfaced sand materials (microscale surface texture) [ 29 – 31 ], which improves their respiration efficiency by abdominal undulation, thereby reducing their metabolic costs and mortality [ 32 ]. The availability of these preferable smooth materials may also be a limiting factor in larval growth because case enlargement difficulties occur when high quality case material is scarce [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly

Okano

Okuda

2018

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resource availability often determines the intensity of cannibalism, which has a considerable effect on population size distribution and individual life history. Larvae of the caddisfly Psilotreta kisoensis build portable cases from sedimentary sands and often display cannibalism. For this species, the availability of preferable case material is a critical factor that affects larval fitness, and material is locally variable depending on the underlying geology. In this study, we investigated how sand quality as a case material determines cannibalism frequency among larvae and, in turn, how the differential cannibalism frequency affects the body-size distribution and voltinism. Rearing experiments within a cohort revealed that a bimodal size distribution developed regardless of material quality. However, as the preferable material became abundant, the proportion of larger to smaller individuals increased. Consecutive experiments suggested that smaller larvae were more frequently cannibalized by larger ones and excluded from the population when preferable smooth material was abundant. This frequent cannibalism resulted in a bimodal size distribution with a significantly higher proportion of larger compared to smaller individuals. The size-dependent cannibalism was significantly suppressed when the larvae were raised in an environment with a scarcity of the preferable case material. This is probably because larvae cannot enjoy the benefit of rapid growth by cannibalism due to the difficulties in enlarging their case. At low cannibalism the growth of smaller individuals was stunted, and this was probably due to risk of cannibalism by larger individuals. This growth reduction in small individuals led to a bimodal size-distribution but with a lower proportion of larger to smaller individuals compared to at high cannibalism. A field study in two streams showed a similar size distribution of larvae as was found in the rearing experiment. The bimodal ratio has consequences for life history, since a size-bimodal population causes a cohort splitting: only larvae that were fully grown at 1 year had a univoltine life cycle, whereas larvae with a stunted growth continued their larval life for another year (semivoltine). This study suggests that availability of preferable case building material is an important factor that affects cannibalism, which in turn affects larval population size structure and cohort splitting.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly

Okano

Okuda

2018

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some studies have identified potential consequences of extended phenotypic plasticity (e.g. Okano et al, 2016;Opell et al, 2017), but they could not differentiate amongst environmental, extended phenotypic, and fitness effects, and their interactions. Here we constructed models for the orb web spiders A. keyserlingi and N. plumipes and assigned parameters such as 'spiral spacing' and various thread properties as predictor variables, and fitness parameters such as thread stickiness and prey retention as response variables, to differentiate between environmental, extended phenotypic, and fitness effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the architectural traits of bird nests and bowers depend on a variety of environmental factors, including climatic conditions, levels of ultraviolet and other radiation, the availability of building materials, and the presence of predators, competitors and parasites (Collias and Collias, 1984). Likewise, the properties and architecture of caddisfly larvae cases vary with water flow and sediment types (Okano and Kikuchi, 2009;Okano et al, 2011Okano et al, , 2016, and the number and quality of fibrous threads incorporated into nests by sticklebacks, and the mass of substrate deposited onto their nests, varies with water depth and flow rate, and availability of materials (Rushbrook and Barber, 2008;Rushbrook et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in extended phenotypes can likewise be depicted by plotting reaction norms if the fitness parameters associated with extended phenotypic plasticity can be determined (Laland and Sterelny, 2006;Blamires, 2010;Bailey, 2012). Unfortunately, the fitness effects of most plastic extended phenotypes are largely unknown (but see Okano et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fitness consequences of plasticity in an extended phenotype

Blamires

Martens

Kasumovic

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like regular phenotypes, extended phenotypes have demonstrable fitness advantages and their properties may vary plastically across environments. However, the fitness advantages of plasticity are only known for a select few extended phenotypes. It is known that the form and functions of spider orb webs can be manipulated by laboratory experiments. For instance, the physical and chemical properties of the spiral and gluey silks vary in property as protein intake varies. Orb web spiders thus represent good models for extended phenotypic plasticity studies. We performed experiments manipulating the protein intake of two vertically aligned orb web building spiders to determine whether variations in the chemical and physical properties of their spiral and gluey silk affect prey retention in their webs. We found in both spider species that individuals deprived of protein had a greater gluey silk glycoprotein core volume, and this correlated strongly with spiral thread stickiness and increased prey retention by the webs. Moreover, we found strong positive correlations between glue droplet volume and glycoprotein core volume for spiders in the protein-deprived treatment, but weaker correlations for protein-fed spiders. We interpreted these findings as the spiders investing more in glycoprotein when nutrient deprived. We attribute the associated increase in prey retention capacity as a fitness consequence of plasticity in the spiral properties.

show abstract

“…We propose three potential mechanisms by which case‐building caddisfly larvae may influence sediment transport and hydraulic processes in rivers (Figures A–C): Caddisfly may modify the entrainment characteristics of sediments incorporated into their cases (Figure A). Case construction involves binding sediment particles together with silk (Hansell, ; Okano et al ., ), producing a composite particle of reduced density and relatively large volume. The shear stress required to move caddisfly cases varies with species, case size and whether the case is occupied (Waringer, ; Statzner and Holm, ; Otto and Johansson, ), but there has been no systematic examination of the mobility of cases relative to their constituent grains. Case‐building caddisfly taxa may influence fluvial geomorphology by transporting sediment (Figure B).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zoogeomorphology of case‐building caddisfly: Quantifying sediment use

Mason

Rice

Wood

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae are an abundant and widespread aquatic insect group characterized by the construction of silk structures, including nets and cases. Case‐building caddisfly have the potential to modify the sorting and mobility of sand and fine gravel via: (1) case construction, resulting in altered sediment properties; (2) transporting sediment incorporated into cases over the river bed; and (3) changing the structure of river beds via burrowing activity. To investigate these mechanisms, it is necessary to understand the mass, size distribution and spatial variability of sediment use by case‐building caddisfly larvae. We quantified the mineral sediment used by individuals and communities of case‐building caddisfly in 27 samples, from three sites on a gravel‐bed stream. The mass and size distribution of sediment in individual cases varied between taxa (mass = 0.001–0.83 g, D50 = 0.17–4 mm). The mean mass of sediment used by the caddisfly community was 38 g m−2 and varied locally. Sediment use was predominantly coarse sand (D50 = 1 mm). 64% of sediment use was attributable to Agapetus fuscipes (Glossosomatidae). Due to within‐species variability in case mass, the abundance of most taxa, including A. fuscipes, was only weakly associated with the mass of sediment used by this species, at the river scale. Whilst the caddisfly community used a small percentage of the total sediment available (average 2.99% of the 1–1.4 mm size fraction), A. fuscipes used more fine sediment in their cases at sites where it was more available. Despite variability in local habitat, all sites supported diverse case‐building caddisfly communities utilizing mineral sediment. Consequently, geomorphological effects of case‐building caddisfly are potentially widespread. The results provide novel insights into the specific grain sizes and quantities of fine sediment used by caddisfly larvae, which represents an important step towards understanding their zoogeomorphic activities. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

show abstract

The effects of surface roughness of sediment particles on the respiration of case-bearing caddisfly larvae

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly

Effects of resource-dependent cannibalism on population size distribution and individual life history in a case-bearing caddisfly

Fitness consequences of plasticity in an extended phenotype

The zoogeomorphology of case‐building caddisfly: Quantifying sediment use

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About