“…Two of these studies used the Grasha-Reichmann Student Style Scale (see Reichmann & Grasha, 1974) to assess undergraduate students’ inclination for six learning styles: independent, dependent, avoidant, participative, collaborative, and competitive. Results, albeit somewhat inconsistent, revealed that students with high traitlike CA demonstrate a preference for the avoidant learning style (Allen et al, 2007; Bourhis & Stubbs, 1991) and independent learning style (Allen et al, 2007) while students with low traitlike CA demonstrate a propensity for the independent, collaborative, and participative styles (Bourhis & Stubbs, 1991). The third study (Dwyer, 1998) measured undergraduates’ proclivity for four learning styles (collaborator, evaluator, experimenter, and explorer) as conceptualized by the Learning Type Measure (see McCarthy, 1994).…”