The effects of stressors on the dynamics of Bonamia exitiosus Hine, Cochennec‐Laureau &amp; Berthe, infections in flat oysters <i>Ostrea chilensis</i> (Philippi)

Hine, P. M.; Diggles, B. K.; Parsons, M J D; Pringle, A. M. N.; Bull, Brian S.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00410.x

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Undersized oysters are sorted by hand on the deck of the vessel and quickly returned to the sea, so a large proportion of oysters of all sizes are subjected to disturbance each season. Hine et al (2002) tested handling stress that was probably similar to that encountered in dredging by stirring oysters in tanks 4 times a day for 14 days in a laboratory experiment. They found significantly elevated levels of B. exitiosa infection and subsequent mortality among oysters treated this way.…”

Section: Resistance Of Oysters To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992

Cranfield

Dunn

Doonan

et al. 2005

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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2005. Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 3e13.Disease caused by the haplosporidian parasite, Bonamia exitiosa, swept through the dredge oyster (Ostrea chilensis) population of Foveaux Strait between 1986 and 1992, with consequent mortality reducing the population to 9% of the pre-disease level. Dead and dying oysters were first seen by fishers in far western Foveaux Strait in 1985 and more were found further east in 1986. Infection spread slowly through Foveaux Strait so the progress of the epizootic can be described from population surveys. A wave of infection radiated through the oyster population from the epicentre of infection in central western Foveaux Strait, and was followed by a wave of mortality. The epizootic ceased in oyster beds around the margins of oyster distribution in 1992. Infective particles released by diseased oysters spread through the water to infect other oysters directly. The epizootic broadly fitted a simple deterministic epizootic model and suggested that both diffusion and turbulent processes were important in transmission of infection. Bonamia exitiosa was also present in oysters at the end of an epizootic in 1964 and was probably the cause of that epizootic. Bonamiasis appears to be an endemic disease in Foveaux Strait. The high mortality in the 1986e1992 epizootic was like that caused by a newly introduced disease in an immunologically naïve population. We propose that other stressors have increased the susceptibility of oysters to this disease. Mechanical disturbance of oysters by increasingly intense dredging appears to be a major source of stress, as does the increasing scale of modification of benthic habitat by fishing. Recovery of the oyster population after the epizootic is closely linked to regeneration of habitat. The prognosis for the fishery could be improved by mitigating mechanical disturbance during dredging by use of lighter dredges and less damaging towing strategies, as well as pursuing rotational fishing strategies that allow benthic habitat to regenerate in undisturbed areas.

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Section: Resistance Of Oysters To Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992

Cranfield

Dunn

Doonan

et al. 2005

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…It cannot be taken for granted that the presence or absence of macroscopic gill lesions is an unequivocal criterion for diagnosis of bonamiasis. Moreover, a percentage of the haemocytic reaction may be due to stress (Hine et al 2002), or another pathological problem not identified. Therefore, we think that since Bonamia sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in flat oysters Ostrea puelchana farmed in San Antonio Bay (Argentina)

Kroeck

Montes²

2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Culture of native flat oysters Ostrea puelchana d'Orbigny in San Antonio Bay (San Matías Gulf, Argentina) began in 1995. After elevated mortality (33%) occurred in September 1996, 18 mo after immersion, histopathological analysis and evaluation of parasitic prevalence was carried out. In October 1997, after 31 mo of cultivation, cumulative mortality was 80%, and in December of the same year, when individuals reached marketable size, mortality was 95% and culture was discontinued. The present study describes the haemocytic parasitism that affected O. puelchana, and suggests that a Bonamia sp. was the etiological agent. This parasite should be considered as a different species from Bonamia sp. detected in Australia and New Zealand until more studies are made to determine the correct taxonomy. This work constitutes the first record of this haemocyte parasite in flat oysters from the Argentinean coast.KEY WORDS: Bonamia sp. · Oyster culture · Ostrea puelchana · Argentina Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 63: [231][232][233][234][235] 2005 Aquaculture in Argentina is an emerging activity, as a new way to produce bivalve molluscs. A growing private interest concerning molluscan bivalve culture has stimulated research during the past century. Experimental farming of Mytilus edulis platensis, Aequipecten tehuelchus, and Ostrea puelchana has been carried out since 1980 (Pascual & Zampatti 1990, Zampatti 1990, Narvarte 1995, 2001.The native flat oyster Ostrea puelchana D'Orbigny is distributed from southern Brazil to northern Patagonia, Argentina (Castellanos 1957). Dense beds have been reported only in shallow subtidal waters of the NW San Matías Gulf (41 to 42°S, 63°30' to 65°W) ( Fig. 1) (Castellanos 1957). Research efforts concerning oyster culture have focused on spat collection and growout in the field (Pascual & Bocca 1987, Pascual & Zampatti 1990. Commercial flat oyster culture began in San Antonio Bay (Fig. 1), between March 1995 and December 1997, with the aim of exportation to the European Economic Community (EEC).Eighteen months after the beginning of the culture, the first abnormal mortality (33%) was recorded. After 31 months of culture, cumulative mortality was 80%, and 3 months later, when individuals reached marketable size, mortality was 95%. This prevented further commercial culture of Ostrea puelchana.The preliminary diagnosis, carried out on moribund oysters, indicated the presence of a 'Bonamia-like' haemocytic parasite which was the probable etiologic agent of the mortality (Kroeck 1997).The present study describes the haemocytic parasite that affected Ostrea puelchana. Histopathological analysis and evaluation of the parasitic prevalence were carried out during the course of commercial farming in San Antonio Bay. MATERIALS AND METHODSSan Antonio Bay (40°47' S to 64°62'W) is northwest of the San Matías Gulf (Fig 1). Oysters used for commercial culture were collected on artificial collectors placed on the oyster ground of Las Grut...

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“…and the percentages of haemocytic infiltrations are dependent events with a relatively high degree of association. The differences between parasite prevalence and percentages of infiltration values are probably due to some stress problems that cause these tissue reactions (Hine et al 2002), or due to a 'latent period' as in Ostrea edulis parasitised by B. ostreae (Culloty et al 2003). These tissue reactions could also be due to other infections such as viral infections (Da Silva et al 2005).…”

Section: Gross Signs and Histopathological Alterations Associated Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gross signs and histopathology of Ostrea puelchana infected by a Bonamia exitiosa-like parasite (Haplosporidia)

Kroeck

2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Haplosporidian microcells belonging to the genus Bonamia parasitise various species of oysters around the world. In Argentina, Bonamia sp. was the causative agent of mass mortality among Ostrea puelchana cultured in San Antonio Bay (San Matías Gulf), and it was detected in natural beds inside San Matías Gulf. In order to describe the gross and histopathological signs caused by Bonamia sp. in O. puelchana, cultured and wild oysters were sampled and analysed by traditional techniques including heart imprints and histology. Cells of Bonamia sp. were observed in connective tissue, free or within haemocytes, in gills and around the digestive gland, stomach, intestine and gonad. Gross signs, histopathological alterations in O. puelchana, and Bonamia sp. cytological morphology resemble those reported for B. exitiosa. However, I propose to treat the Argentinean species as B. exitiosa-like until more molecular and ultrastructural studies are conducted to determine the correct taxonomy.

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The effects of stressors on the dynamics of Bonamia exitiosus Hine, Cochennec‐Laureau & Berthe, infections in flat oysters Ostrea chilensis (Philippi)

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992

Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992

Occurrence of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in flat oysters Ostrea puelchana farmed in San Antonio Bay (Argentina)

Gross signs and histopathology of Ostrea puelchana infected by a Bonamia exitiosa-like parasite (Haplosporidia)

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