The Effects of Sport-Specific Drills Training or High-Intensity Interval Training in Young Tennis Players

Abstract

Even though both training programs resulted in significant improvements in aerobic performance, a mixed program combining tennis drills and runs based on the V led to greater gains and should be considered the preferred training method for improving aerobic power in young athletes.

High-Intensity Interval Training Performed by Young Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The mean sample size was n = 24.0 ± 9.2 (mean ± SD; range: 15–52) participants. Eleven studies included boys (Helgerud et al, 2001 ; Impellizzeri et al, 2006 ; Buchheit et al, 2008 ; Sperlich et al, 2011 ; Tønnessen et al, 2011 ; Faude et al, 2013 , 2014 ; Delextrat and Martinez, 2014 ; Meckel et al, 2014 ; Harrison et al, 2015a ; Los Arcos et al, 2015 ), seven studies included boys and girls (Faude et al, 2008 ; Buchheit et al, 2009 ; Breil et al, 2010 ; Sperlich et al, 2010 ; Sandbakk et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Farley et al, 2016 ), one study included exclusively girls (Siegler et al, 2003 ) and six studies (Impellizzeri et al, 2006 , 2008 ; Hill-Haas et al, 2009 ; Safania et al, 2011 ; Ferrete et al, 2014 ; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2017 ) provided no explicit information about the participant's sex.…”

“…The participants' initial VO 2peak ranged from 34.0 to 69.3 ml·min −1 ·kg −1 (mean: 54.1 ± 9.0 ml·min −1 ·kg −1 ). Wherein 13 out of 24 studies determined VO 2peak of participants, 11 studies with direct measurement (Helgerud et al, 2001 ; Impellizzeri et al, 2006 , 2008 ; Hill-Haas et al, 2009 ; Breil et al, 2010 ; Sperlich et al, 2010 , 2011 ; Sandbakk et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Harrison et al, 2015a ; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2017 ) and two studies with indirect measurement (Safania et al, 2011 ; Meckel et al, 2014 ). The various ES calculations are illustrated in Figure 2 .…”

“…The intensity corresponding to 90–95% of maximum heart rate (HR max ) (Helgerud et al, 2001 ; Impellizzeri et al, 2006 , 2008 ; Breil et al, 2010 ; Safania et al, 2011 ; Sandbakk et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Sperlich et al, 2011 ; Delextrat and Martinez, 2014 ; Los Arcos et al, 2015 ) as well as 90–95% of maximum running velocity (v max ) (Buchheit et al, 2008 ; Delextrat and Martinez, 2014 ; Harrison et al, 2015a ; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2017 ), both derived from incremental step tests (e.g., intermittent fitness test, 30–15 intermittent fitness test) defined the intensity in most HIIT. Furthermore, intensities above the individual anaerobic threshold (Faude et al, 2008 , 2013 , 2014 ) were applied as HIIT protocols as well.…”

“…Our analysis revealed that HIIT and SIT has no, or only a small, positive effect [mean g = 0.10 ± 0.28; range: −0.63–0.48 (Helgerud et al, 2001 ; Impellizzeri et al, 2006 , 2008 ; Hill-Haas et al, 2009 ; Breil et al, 2010 ; Sperlich et al, 2010 , 2011 ; Safania et al, 2011 ; Sandbakk et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Meckel et al, 2014 ; Harrison et al, 2015a ; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2017 )] on peak oxygen uptake, in comparison to the alternative training protocol (Table 2 ).…”

“…In contrast, HIIT performed by children and adolescents is significantly less investigated than HIIT performed by adults. Some investigations in young and adolescent athletes evidence increased VO 2peak (Harrison et al, 2015a ; Fernandez-Fernandez et al, 2017 ), shuttle run performance (Buchheit et al, 2008 , 2009 ), sprint (Siegler et al, 2003 ; Sperlich et al, 2011 ) as well as repeated sprint (Buchheit et al, 2009 ) and jump performance (Tønnessen et al, 2011 ) in connection with HIIT. Overall, a systematic review summarizing the physiological effects of variables on aerobic and anaerobic parameters, as well as sport specific performance in young athletes, is missing.…”