To improve aerodynamic performance and attain a lighter weight of wing for use in small (<30 kg) drones, a novel design scheme of split aileron is proposed based on a similar application of the split flap, which enables the airplane to operate rolling movement. The function of the separated aileron is implemented utilizing an electro-servo system that is actuated through a brushless direct current motor (BLDCM). The design of three conceptual configurations of the clam-shell aileron structure, including the upper, middle, and bottom positions with deflection angle of 31 0 and 15 0 downwards, are studied numerically and theoretically. Based on the optimal design of the bottom position of the split aileron structure, the aerodynamic characteristics and structural weight of the separated aileron are evaluated by comparison with a traditional hinged aileron. The results indicate that the proposed design of the detached aileron can enhance the average aerodynamic efficiency of the wing by 16.3 % and reduce the weight of the wing by 49.5%. The functional prototype of the split aileron wing airplane is established and manufactured based on the proposed design. The flight test results confirm applicability of the clam-shell aileron to control the rolling motion of aircraft.The split aileron is potentially exploited for the fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in practical engineering application.