The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health

Brandt, Lasse; Liu, Shuyan; Heim, Christine; Heinz, Andreas

doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…For example, employment and financial insecurity are well-known sources of chronic stress [ 97 , 98 ]. Similarly, social isolation and loneliness are societal challenges that can create ongoing background stress [ 78 , 79 , 99 ] that may weaken emotion regulation capacities as well as reduce perceived social coping resources.…”

Section: Applications Of a Stress Context Vulnerability Model Of Proc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters

Sirois

2023

IJERPH

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Research over the past two decades has continued to highlight the robust associations between procrastination and stress across multiple populations and contexts. Despite this burgeoning evidence base and theory linking procrastination to higher levels of stress, as well as the reverse, the role of context in this potentially dynamic association has received relatively little attention. In this conceptual review I argue that from a mood regulation perspective of procrastination, stressful contexts necessarily increase risk for procrastination because they deplete coping resources and lower the threshold for tolerating negative emotions. Drawing on insights from coping and emotion regulation theory, the new stress context vulnerability model of procrastination proposes that the risk for procrastination increases in stressful contexts primarily because procrastination is a low-resource means of avoiding aversive and difficult task-related emotions. The new model is then applied to evidence on the primary and secondary sources of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they may have increased vulnerability for procrastination. After discussing potential applications of the new model for understanding how and why risk for procrastination may increase in other stressful contexts, approaches that might mitigate vulnerability for procrastination in high-stress contexts are discussed. Overall, this new stress context vulnerability model underscores the need for taking a more compassionate view of the antecedents and factors that may increase the risk for procrastination.

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Section: Applications Of a Stress Context Vulnerability Model Of Proc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters

Sirois

2023

IJERPH

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“…Social interactions have undergone profound alterations as a result of the pandemic [ 39 ]. Previous research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused excessive anxiety in the neighborhood; as a result, individuals attempt to keep their distance from one another in the streets and public areas to prevent spreading the virus to their families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S)

et al. 2023

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Background During various infectious pandemics, phobia or panic has been suggested as one of the most common mental disorders. The current study reports on the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the COVID‐19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S) in Iran. Methods The forward–backward translation procedure was applied to translate the English version of the C19P-S into Persian. Then, content and face validity, structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses), convergent and discriminant validity, concurrent validity, reliability, and stability were performed to evaluate the Persian version. Results In all, 660 people participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 35.55 (SD = 12.24) years. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed a four-factor structure for the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that almost all fitness indices for the model were satisfactory (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.96, IFI = 0.97). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the questionnaire were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion The Persian version of C19P-S showed good psychometric properties and a good fit for the four-factor structure. It can now be used to assess panic disorder in therapeutic settings and identify candidates needing clinical intervention.

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“…Social distancing not only caused a direct reduction in physical activity but also had a negative effect on mental health during the pandemic. Multiple longitudinal studies showed that individuals who experienced social isolation and loneliness tended to have more unhealthy behaviors ( 29 – 31 ), such as smoking and alcohol abuse, that may further be associated with the progression of CVD. Evidence from a large US prospective cohort study suggested social isolation and loneliness in the era of COVID-19 were independently associated with a modestly higher risk of CVD ( 32 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of free hypertension pharmacy program and social distancing policy on stroke: A longitudinal study

Jin

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe estimated lifetime risk of stroke was the highest in East Asia worldwide, especially in China. Antihypertensive therapy can significantly reduce stroke mortality. However, blood pressure control is poor. Medication adherence is a barrier as patients’ out-of-pocket costs have risen. We aimed to take advantage of a free hypertension pharmacy intervention and quantified the impact on stroke mortality.MethodsA free pharmaceutical intervention program was implemented in Deqing, Zhejiang province in April 2018. Another non-pharmaceutical intervention, social distancing due to the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was also key to affecting stroke mortality. We retrospectively collected the routine surveillance data of stroke deaths from Huzhou Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control in 2013–2020 and obtained within-city mobility data from Baidu Migration in 2019–2020, then we quantified the effects of both pharmaceutical intervention and social distancing using Serfling regression model.ResultsCompared to the predicted number, the actual number of stroke deaths was significantly lower by 10% (95% CI, 6–15%; p < 0.001) from April 2018 to December 2020 in Deqing. Specifically, there was a reduction of 19% (95% CI, 10–28%; p < 0.001) in 2018. Moreover, we observed a 5% (95% CI, −4 – 14%; p = 0.28) increase in stroke mortality due to the adverse effect of COVID-19 but it wasn’t statistically significant.ConclusionFree hypertension pharmacy program has great potential to prevent considerable stroke deaths. In the future, the free supply of low-cost, essential medications that target patients with hypertension at increased risk of stroke could be taken into account in formulating public health policies and guiding allocations of health care resources.

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The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health

Cited by 45 publications

References 195 publications

Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters

Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S)

Impact of free hypertension pharmacy program and social distancing policy on stroke: A longitudinal study

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