The effects of smoking on acth and cortisol secretion

Seyler, L. Everett; Fertig, Joanne B.; Pomerleau, Ovide F.; Hunt, Dorothy; Parker, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90330-8

Cited by 95 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The greater the number of cigarettes consumed, the greater the increase in plasma cortisol concentration. These results contrast with the findings for b-end, a dissociation also reported by other authors [8,13,20,24]. Several different explanations for this discrepancy have been suggested, including a possible direct action of nicotine on the adrenal cortex [22].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in smokers who consume different numbers of cigarettes per day

Arbol

Ojeda

et al. 2000

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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The harmful effects of smoking on health have been widely documented, although it is as yet unclear whether tobacco dependence is only psychological in nature, or both psychological and physical. We studied plasma concentrations of beta -endorphin, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in healthy persons who consumed different numbers of cigarettes per day, and compared the findings with those in a control group of nonsmokers. Beta -endorphin levels were significantly higher than in controls only in persons who smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes per day. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in smokers who consumed more than 20 cigarettes per day. There were no significant differences between any of the groups in plasma ACTH concentrations. D

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in smokers who consume different numbers of cigarettes per day

Arbol

Ojeda

et al. 2000

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Increases in ACTH after cigarette smoking have been reported under a number of conditions where samples for analysis were collected once a day or at relatively infrequent intervals, often without concurrent plasma nicotine measurement (Seyler et al, 1984(Seyler et al, , 1986Baron et al, 1995;Pickworth and Fant, 1998;Coiro and Vescovi, 1999;del Arbol et al, 2000). The present study confirms the generality of earlier findings and examines ACTH and epinephrine levels at 2 min intervals during as well as after smoking.…”

Section: Subjective Responses To Smoking High-and Low-nicotine Cigaresupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These data are consistent with previous reports that smokers have higher basal cortisol and DHEA levels than nonsmokers (Pomerleau et al, 1992;Field et al, 1994;del Arbol et al, 2000;al'Absi et al, 2003). Cigarette smoking usually induces an increase in plasma cortisol levels (Cryer et al, 1976;Winternitz and Quillen, 1977;Spohr et al, 1979;Wilkins et al, 1982;Seyler et al, 1984;Gossain et al, 1986; see for review Pickworth and Fant, 1998), and cortisol may remain elevated as a consequence of repeated cigarette smoking throughout the day. It has also been suggested that nicotine may inhibit the diurnal decrease in plasma cortisol levels (Pomerleau et al, 1992).…”

Section: Subjective Responses To Smoking High-and Low-nicotine Cigarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early clinical endocrine studies of the hormonal effects of cigarette smoking were limited by the lack of sensitive and precise radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for ACTH (Pomerleau et al, 1983). Moreover, samples for ACTH and/or cortisol analysis usually were collected at relatively infrequent intervals, or as single daily samples (Seyler et al, 1984(Seyler et al, , 1986Baron et al, 1995;Pickworth and Fant, 1998;del Arbol et al, 2000), and plasma nicotine levels were seldom measured. Because ACTH is released from corticotropes in the anterior pituitary in rapid bursts of short duration (3-10 min) (Iranmanesh et al, 1990), frequent blood sample collection is important to measure accurately drug effects on hormone release patterns (Teoh et al, 1994;Sarnyai et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarette Smoking on Mood States and the HPA Axis in Men

Mendelson

Sholar

Goletiani

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

125

106

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The acute effects of smoking a low-or high-nicotine cigarette on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormones, subjective responses, and cardiovascular measures were studied in 20 healthy men who met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for nicotine dependence. Within four puffs (or 2 min) after cigarette smoking began, plasma nicotine levels and heart rate increased significantly (Po0.01), and peak ratings of 'high' and 'rush' on a Visual Analogue Scale were reported. Reports of 'high,' 'rush,' and 'liking' and reduction of 'craving' were significantly greater after smoking a high-nicotine cigarette than a low-nicotine cigarette (Po0.05). Peak plasma nicotine levels after high-nicotine cigarette smoking (23.972.6 ng/ml) were significantly greater than after lownicotine cigarette smoking (3.6370.59 ng/ml) (Po0.001). After smoking a low-nicotine cigarette, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and epinephrine did not change significantly from baseline. After high-nicotine cigarette smoking began, plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above baseline within 12 min and reached peak levels of 21.8875.34 pmol/l within 20 min. ACTH increases were significantly correlated with increases in plasma nicotine (r ¼ 0.85; Po0.0001), DHEA (r ¼ 0.66; P ¼ 0.002), and epinephrine (r ¼ 0.86; Po0.0001). Cortisol and DHEA increased significantly within 20 min (Po0.05) and reached peak levels of 424748 and 21.1372.55 ng/ml within 60 and 30 min, respectively. Thus cigarette smoking produced nicotine dose-related effects on HPA hormones and subjective and cardiovascular measures. These data suggest that activation of the HPA axis may contribute to the abuse-related effects of cigarette smoking.

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“…This finding indicates multiple possibilities related to emotion-related differences in the dynamics of nicotine addiction. Systemic increases in cortisol secretion can result from exposure to high daily stress as well as from smoking (Wilkins et al 1982;Seyler Jr. et al 1984). High anger experience is usually associated with enhanced physiological activity and greater impact of environmental stressors (Suarez et al 1998;Bongard and al'Absi 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

Al’Absi

Carr

Bongard

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Nicotine may be used to manage negative emotions, and recent research suggests that smokers with high levels of hostility may use cigarettes to cope with anger provoking situations. This study evaluated the extent to which a high level of trait anger is associated with risk for relapse among smokers interested in cessation. Chronic smokers with different levels of trait anger provided reports of withdrawal symptoms, craving, and state anger, and collected saliva samples for cortisol during 24-hour ad libitum smoking and the first 24-hour abstinence period of a quit attempt. They also attended a laboratory session conducted after the 24-hour abstinence during which they performed brief mental and social stress challenges and provided blood samples for adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol assays. High trait anger was associated with greater increases in state anger, withdrawal symptoms, and craving during the first 24 hour of abstinence. It was also associated with greater ACTH concentrations during the laboratory session. High trait anger was also associated with increased risk for early relapse. The findings support the hypothesis that smokers high in anger trait may have greater mood difficulties during abstinence and may be more vulnerable to early relapse than smokers with low anger trait.

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The effects of smoking on acth and cortisol secretion

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in smokers who consume different numbers of cigarettes per day

Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin in smokers who consume different numbers of cigarettes per day

Effects of Low- and High-Nicotine Cigarette Smoking on Mood States and the HPA Axis in Men

Anger and psychobiological changes during smoking abstinence and in response to acute stress: Prediction of smoking relapse

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