The effects of sludge burning on the PCDD/PCDF content of ashes from pulp and paper mill hog fuel boilers

Someshwar, Arun V.; Jain, Ashok Kumar; Whittemore, Ray C.; LaFleur, Lawrence E.; Gillespie, W. J.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90334-p

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Isomer-specific analyses have indicated that almost all possible PCDD and PCDF compounds (210 in all) are present in fly ash, and a striking similarity in the isomeric patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs has been found among samples from different incinerators [3]. Only a few results have been reported concerning PCDDs and PCDFs in fly ash from the combustion of pulp mill sludge [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biological 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin equivalents in fly ash from combustion of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge

Kopponen

Törrönen

Välttilä³

et al. 1994

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Fly ash was collected from five large‐scale or pilot tests in which burning of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge was studied. The content of dioxin‐like compounds in this fly ash was estimated both chemically and biologically. Fly ash was analyzed chemically for 17 PCDD and PCDF congeners by high‐resolution GC‐MS, and the data were transformed to Nordic TCDD equivalents. The biological analyses were based on the induction of several enzymes (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase [AHH], 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase [EROD], aldehyde dehydrogenase‐3 [ALDG3]) by the fly ash extracts in a mouse hepatoma cell line, Hepa‐1. The inducing potencies were expressed as biological TCDD equivalents. There was a good correlation between the Nordic and the biological TCDD equivalents. Differences in the amounts of dioxin‐like compounds among the combustions were attributed mainly to the boiler types and not to fuel characteristics or combustion parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and biological 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin equivalents in fly ash from combustion of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge

Kopponen

Törrönen

Välttilä³

et al. 1994

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…), enhances PCDD/F production [27,72,124,143,146,152,160,161]. In the past, biomass co-combustion with paper bleaching sludge generated cyclone fly ashes with PCDD/Fs concentrations attaining 210 ng TEQ/kg [162]. Tame et al [115] verified that the firing of waste wood, impregnated with Cu base preservatives, increased the basal PCDD/Fs levels of clean wood ash by two to three orders of magnitude and the F/D increased because of preferential formation of PCDFs.…”

Section: Origin Generation and Fate Of Pcdd/fs And Pahs In Combustion Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Lopes

Proença

2020

Applied Sciences

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Since ashes are a possible source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) contamination, their application in soils must be subject to more study and control. In this scope, feed residual forest biomasses and biomass ashes, collected along one year in four biomass power stations, were characterized mainly for their polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents. The biomasses present concerning levels of Cl (0.04–0.28%) that may lead to PCDD/Fs formation. The biomasses also contain OCDD (29–260 ng/kg) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD (35 ng/kg) that may contribute to increased Toxic Equivalents (TEQs) of ashes, possibly involving dichlorination and ash enrichment mechanisms. While the World Health Organization (WHO)2005-TEQs in bottom ashes (14–20 ng TEQ/kg) reaches the proposed limit (20 ng TEQ/kg) for ash use as fertilizers, in fly ashes (35–1139 ng TEQ/kg) the limit is exceeded. PAHs are below 0.02 mg/kg in bottom ashes and 1.5–2.5 mg/kg in fly ashes, complying with the proposed limit of 6 mg/kg. As bottom and fly ash streams may contain different ash flows, a clear definition of ash mixes is required. Correlations between unburned carbon (C), PAHs and PCDD/Fs were not found, which highlights the need for compulsory PCDD/Fs analysis in ashes, independently of their origin, burnout degree or levels of other contaminants. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of handling non-detected values, which showed more impact for TEQs values close to the proposed regulatory limit of PCDD/Fs. These findings highlight the need to define reporting protocols of analytical results for risk assessments and conformity evaluation.

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“…Se tal acontece, as dioxinas presentes nas lamas podem vir a ser, em parte, emitidas para a atmosfera, dada a dificuldade de destruir esses compostos, mesmo às altas temperaturas verificadas nas unidades de combustão [11]. Além disso, verificase a ocorrência destes compostos nas cinzas resultantes da operação dessas caldeiras, de acordo com os estudos de Someshwar et al [ 12]. Estes autores, através de uma série de campanhas de medição efectuadas em unidades nos Estados Unidos, encontraram um teor de emissão médio, para estas caldeiras, de 4,9 10 -10 kg I-TEQ por tonelada de lamas alimentada.…”

Section: Características Físicas E Químicas Das Dioxinas E Dibenzofuranosunclassified

Dioxinas e Dibenzofuranos no meio Ambiente

Bordado¹,

S.Ferreira²,

Gomes³

1999

BSPQuimica

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The effects of sludge burning on the PCDD/PCDF content of ashes from pulp and paper mill hog fuel boilers

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical and biological 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin equivalents in fly ash from combustion of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge

Chemical and biological 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin equivalents in fly ash from combustion of bleached kraft pulp mill sludge

Insights into PCDD/Fs and PAHs in Biomass Boilers Envisaging Risks of Ash Use as Fertilizers

Dioxinas e Dibenzofuranos no meio Ambiente

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