The effects of SiO2 addition on the phase, microstructure, dielectric, and energy storage properties of BaTiO3-based ceramics

Enhanced Energy Storage Performance of MnO2-Modified 0.92BaTiO3–0.08Bi(Mg0.5Ce0.5)O3 Ceramics for Capacitor Applications

“…The electrical modulus is calculated in the form of the real part and the imaginary part for BTBMC- x wt % Mn ceramics …”

“…The electrical modulus is calculated in the form of the real part ( M ′ = ε ′ ( ε ′ 2 + ε ′′ 2 ) ) and the imaginary part ( M ″ = ε ′ ( ε ′ 2 + ε ″ 2 ) ) for BTBMC- x wt % Mn ceramics …”

“…59 for BTBMC-x wt % Mn ceramics. 4 Figure 7a−c display the M′ vs frequency plots for BTBMC-x wt % Mn ceramics at 400−600 °C. The M′ values were very low at low frequencies, and due to the fact of short-range mobility of charge carriers, they became saturated at high frequencies.…”

“…68,69 Generally, total electrical conductivity is calculated as σ tot = σ dc + Aω n (A and n are constants), which is ascribed to the band and hopping parts. 4 Here, the band conduction part is independent of frequency, termed as DC conductivity, and the hopping part is frequency-dependent, known as AC conductivity. 70 Figure 9a−c display the variation of AC conductivity (σ) with frequency at temperatures of 500−600 °C.…”

“…Figure is a schematic display of the additive strategy of MnO 2 with BaTiO 3 -based ceramic to synthesize a temperature-stable dielectric capacitor for pulsed power systems such as electronic systems, hybrid electric vehicles, lasers, military purposes, electric trains, consumer electronics, electric air craft, and medical devices. The energy storage density (W s ), recoverable energy storage density ( W rec ), and efficiency (η) of a capacitor can be calculated from the hysteresis loop of the polarization–electric field ( P – E ) using the formulas W s = ∫ 0 P max EdP, W rec normalW normals = prefix∫ 0 italicP max EdP , W rec = prefix∫ italicP normalr italicP max EdP, and η = W rec W rec + W loss , …”