The effects of sintering temperature on phase and pore evolution in porcelain tiles

Gültekin, Elif Eren; Topateş, Gülsüm; Kurama, Semra

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.06.024

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The pore size, pore size distribution and open porosity of sintered porcelain samples prepared with and without PMMA determined by mercury intrusion porosity (MIP) are presented in Table 3 and Figure 6. In Figure 6, the amount of mercury intrusion into the pores of the (Table 3) to the elimination of smaller pores, and, consequently, the development of larger pores could have happened due to particle rearrangement [28]. Thus, the larger average pore diameter was observed with the porcelain samples fired at the highest temperature of 1300 °C.…”

Section: Raw Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Towards the end of the intermediate stage of sintering, at around 1180 °C, pores began to close because interpore connections were eliminated. In the final stage (above 1200 °C), the liquid phase flow was terminated, and closed gas-filled pore remained in the ceramic bodies [28,29]. The complete densification of porcelain samples during the three sintering stages was hindered by the porosity generated from PMMA decomposition.…”

Section: Raw Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Addition of Pore Foaming Agent on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Porcelain Tiles

Wimuktiwan¹

2020

Ceramics - Silikaty

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In this work, the effect of pore foaming agents (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) on the densification characteristics as well as mechanical and thermal properties of sintered porcelain samples was investigated. The influence of the PMMA content (0-20 wt. %) and sintering temperature (1000-1300 °C) were also studied. The result showed that the incorporation of PMMA in porcelain bodies led to a decrease in the density, while the porosity increased with an increase in sintering temperature. At 1300 °C, the bulk density and porosity of porous porcelain samples with PMMA additions (5-20 wt. %) were in the range of 1.91-2.23 g•cm-3 and 1.3-17.2 %, respectively. The flexural strength of the porous porcelain samples prepared by adding 5-20 wt. % PMMA and sintering at 1300 °C was in a range of 36-56 MPa, which is higher than the minimum strength values (35 MPa) of ISO 13006 standard for ceramic tiles. The thermal conductivity of porous porcelain is a function of the sintering temperatures. The increase in sintering temperature had a positive effect on the thermal conductivity of ceramic samples, because the thermal conductivity decreased significantly with increasing porosity levels. The addition of 20 wt. % PMMA in porcelain samples sintered at 1300 °C reduced the thermal conductivity up to 34 % while maintaining acceptable flexural strength values (~ 36 MPa). Thus, it is possible to use these porcelain samples as ceramic tiles in order to enhance the thermal resistance of building materials.

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Section: Raw Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Raw Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Addition of Pore Foaming Agent on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Porcelain Tiles

Wimuktiwan¹

2020

Ceramics - Silikaty

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“…SEM observations presented the typical microstructure of porcelain consisting of quartz grains held together by a dense matrix composed of primary and secondary mullite crystals (Figs. 1c and 2c) [51,52]. Table II summarizes the bending strength, water absorption, and linear shrinkage of the Sanitser VC and conventional VC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of sanitaryware ceramic produced with waste material

et al. 2021

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This paper aims at exploring the possibility of using a great percentage of recycled materials into vitreous china (VC), thus, contributing to urban waste decrease while lowering the industry's buying costs, previously optimized, for the sanitaryware production. The recycled blend was introduced in the ceramic slip, Sanitser VC, and used in three sanitaryware production plants. This slip let to improve the environmental performances of the overall ceramic production through energy-saving and a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the firing temperature is 80-100 °C lower than traditional production. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the firing behavior, technological properties, and microstructure of a typical industrial vitreous china body in comparison with Sanitser VC. The analytical results confirmed the force of this idea and highlighted the advantages of the choice made.

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“…Porselen karoların sinterlenmesi üzerine yapılmış olan çalışmalarda; sinterleme sıcaklığının ve presleme basıncının fiziksel, mekanik ve mikroyapısal özelliklere etkileri ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Jazayeri ve diğ.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Porselen Karolarin Su Emme, Açik Ve Toplam Gözenek Mi̇ktarlarina Si̇nterleme Sicakliği Ve Isitma Hizinin Etki̇leri̇ni̇n Deney Tasarimi Yöntemi̇yle İncelenmesi̇

Gültekin

2019

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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Seramiklerin mikroyapısı, süreç parametreleri tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Süreç parametreleri ise malzeme parametreleri ve sinterleme parametreleri şeklinde ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Tane boyutu, kompozisyon ve viskozite malzemeye bağlıdır. Isıtma hızı, fırın atmosferi ve sıcaklığı ise sinterleme parametreleridir. Bu çalışmada, porselen karoların mikroyapısını etkileyen parametrelerden sinterleme sıcaklığının ve ısıtma hızının, su emme üzerindeki etkisi ile açık ve toplam gözenek miktarı üzerindeki etkisini belirleyebilmek amacıyla tüm diğer faktörler sabit tutulmuştur. Deneyler, 3 2 tam faktörlü deney tasarımına göre planlanmış, 2 ana faktörün etkisi ve bunların birbirleriyle olan etkileşimi incelenmiştir. Su emme miktarları ile açık ve toplam gözenek miktarları MINITAB 17 istatistiksel paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen deney koşullarında, en düşük su emme ile en düşük açık ve toplam gözenek miktarlarına sahip porselen karolar 1220 °C sinterleme sıcaklığında ve 40 °C/dk. ısıtma hızıyla sinterlenerek üretilmiştir.

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The effects of sintering temperature on phase and pore evolution in porcelain tiles

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of the Addition of Pore Foaming Agent on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Porcelain Tiles

Influence of the Addition of Pore Foaming Agent on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Porcelain Tiles

Effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of sanitaryware ceramic produced with waste material

Porselen Karolarin Su Emme, Açik Ve Toplam Gözenek Mi̇ktarlarina Si̇nterleme Sicakliği Ve Isitma Hizinin Etki̇leri̇ni̇n Deney Tasarimi Yöntemi̇yle İncelenmesi̇

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