The Effects of Sildenafil Citrate and Vitamins A, C and E on Testicular Damage in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats

EFFECTS OF SILDENAFIL ON THE TESTES OF THE NONDIABETIC AND DIABETIC ADULT ALBINO RATS (Light and Electron Microscopic Study)

“…In the present study, the histological examination of testicular sections from the diabetic group treated with low-dose sildenafil (9 mg) showed markedly thickened tunica albuginea with mildly congested sub-capsular blood vessels, scattered small-sized distorted tubules with irregular tunica propria, thin germinal lining with diminished spermatogenic layers, and edematous interstitium with Leydig cells and this was in agreement with Zimmermann et al 15 ; and Uslu et al 16 . On the other hand, these results were in disagreement with Elkerdasy and Mohamed 7 who reported that there was no histological difference between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.…”

“…Salwa et al 11 ; Uslu et al 16 ; Sofikitis et al 17 ; and Sivasankaran et al 18 were in agreement with the results of the present study. They owed these changes to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on the different tissues -especially testes-and free radical formation is synergistic to the hazardous effect of sildenafil on the testes; resulting in clearly observed pathological changes on the ultrastructural level of the testis.…”

“…In the present study, the histological examination of testicular sections from the diabetic group treated with high-dose sildenafil (13.5 mg) showed markedly thickened tunica albuginea with congested subcapsular blood vessels, thickened tunica propria, thinned germinal lining, diminished spermatogenic layers, and edematous interstitium. These results were obtained by Al-Fartosi 12 ; and Uslu et al 16 who studied long term administration of sildenafil citrate on testicular histopathological changes of male rats. Sildenafil citrate produced sperm abnormalities (fewer sperm and more sperm deformities), as evidenced by histological alterations in the testis (hypertrophy cells, necrosis of seminiferous tubules, testis destruction, and the presence of inflammatory cells).…”

“…Spermatozoa appeared distorted and have a swollen mitochondrial sheath. On the other hand, Uslu et al 16 was against the results of this study as he reported that non-diabetic rats treated with sildenafil had no significant change when compared to control group.…”

Influence of lemon ( Citrus limon ) and lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ) juices on the erectogenic properties of sildenafil in rats with L‐NAME‐induced erectile dysfunction

“…Comparing the result of the group combining sildenafil and the higher dose of lime juice with the others, it can be inferred that lime juice at 1.0 ml/kg body weight had a synergistic effect on sildenafil and this further explains the result of the sexual behavioral studies as shown in Figure 1. It can also be speculated that the synergistic shown by Uslu et al (2012) to positively influence the therapeutic properties of sildenafil citrate. Furthermore, the synergistic influence of lime at the higher dose on sildenafil citrate therapeutic properties can be linked to the ability of phenolic compounds to inhibit CYP3A4, CYP1A2, organic anion transporting polypeptide, and pglycoprotein (Mallhi et al, 2015).…”