The effects of short-term and long-term experiences on co-contraction of lower extremity postural control muscles during continuous, multi-directional support-surface perturbations

Schinkel-Ivy, Alison; Duncan, Carolyn A.

doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.01.008

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Higher co-contraction in older adults with poor balance control compared to young adults with better balance control has been shown previously 13,14 . Balance training can potentially reduce levels of antagonistic co-contraction 15 . In thus it could be expected that balance training will reduce co-contraction in older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We note here that many different methods have been used to assess co-contraction in the literature. In the studies mentioned above, the index of co-contraction reflected either the magnitude of antagonistic co-contraction 12 or its magnitude and duration combined [13][14][15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, higher antagonistic co-contraction duration and magnitude, were found in older adults with poor balance control compared to young adults with better balance control (Alizadehsaravi et al, 2020; Nagai et al, 2011). Balance training can potentially reduce magnitude and duration of antagonistic co-contraction (Schinkel-Ivy & Duncan, 2018). We note here that many different methods have been used to assess co-contraction in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The underlying mechanisms of improved balance after one and ten sessions of balance training in older adults

Alizadehsaravi

Koster

Muijres

et al. 2020

Preprint

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With training older adults can improve balance control, but the time course and neural mechanisms underlying these improvements are unclear. We studied changes in balance (robustness and performance), as well as in H-reflex gains, paired reflex depression (PRD) and co-contraction duration (CCI) in ankle muscles after short-term (1 session; STT) and long-term (3 weeks; LTT) balance training in 22 older adults. Mediolateral balance robustness during unipedal stance (time to balance loss in unipedal standing on a robotic platform with decreasing rotational stiffness) improved (33%) after STT, with no further improvement after LTT. Balance performance (mean absolute mediolateral center of mass velocity) improved (18.75%) after STT in perturbed unipedal standing and after LTT (18.18%) in unperturbed unipedal standing. CCI of soleus/tibialis anterior did not change after STT but increased (16%) after LTT. H-reflex gain and PRD excitability did not change with training. Cross-correlations showed that H-reflex gains in unipedal stance were lower and CCI was higher in participants with a more robust balance at the last time-point measurement and, CCI was higher in participants with better balance performance at several time-points. However, changes in robustness and performance were uncorrelated with changes in CCI, H-reflex gain, or PRD. Our results indicate that balance robustness improves over a single session, while balance performance improves more gradually over multiple sessions. Changes in co-contraction and motor neuron excitability of ankle muscles are not exclusive causes of improved balance performance and robustness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The underlying mechanisms of improved balance after one and ten sessions of balance training in older adults

Alizadehsaravi

Koster

Muijres

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Older adults increase co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles to compensate for muscle weakness after a loss of balance (Okada et al, 2001 ; Chambers and Cham, 2007 ; Pijnappels et al, 2008 ; Nagai et al, 2011 ). Co-contraction increases joint stiffness, which contributes to balance stability by reducing the degree of freedom of the movements of the body segments (Nagai et al, 2011 ; Nelson-Wong et al, 2012 ; Schinkel-Ivy and Duncan, 2018 ). Based on the results of this study, older adults increase the CCI of BF/RF as a compensatory strategy to recover balance after split-belt treadmill perturbations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When older adults confront balance challenges, they increase joint stiffness through muscle co-contraction to compensate for muscle weakness, which is a compensatory strategy to recover balance stability by decreasing the degree of freedom of the body segment's movement (Nagai et al, 2011 ; Nelson-Wong et al, 2012 ; Schinkel-Ivy and Duncan, 2018 ). Increased co-contraction of the gastrocnemius (GAS) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was found in older adults after balance perturbations induced by a moving platform (Okada et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Affects Lower Limb Joint Moments and Muscle Responses to a Split-Belt Treadmill Perturbation

Yoo

Seo

et al. 2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Age-related changes cause more fall-related injuries and impede the recoveries by older adults compared to younger adults. This study assessed the lower limb joint moments and muscle responses to split-belt treadmill perturbations in two groups (14 healthy young group [23.36 ± 2.90 years] and 14 healthy older group [70.93 ± 4.36 years]) who performed two trials of unexpected split-belt treadmill perturbations while walking on a programmable split-belt treadmill. A motion capture system quantified the lower limb joint moments, and a wireless electromyography system recorded the lower limb muscle responses. The compensatory limb's (i.e., the tripped limb's contralateral side) joint moments and muscle responses were computed during the pre-perturbation period (the five gait cycles before the onset of a split-belt treadmill perturbation) and the recovery period (from the split-belt treadmill perturbation to the baseline gait relying on the ground reaction forces' profile). Joint moments were assessed by maximum joint moments, and muscle responses were quantified by the normalization (%) and co-contraction index (CCI). Joint moments and muscle responses of the compensatory limb during the recovery period were significantly higher for the YG than the OG, and joint moments (e.g., knee flexion and extension and hip flexion moments) and muscle responses during the recovery period were higher compared to the pre-perturbation period for both groups. For CCI, the older group showed significantly higher co-contraction for biceps femoris/rectus femoris muscles than the young group during the recovery period. For both groups, co-contraction for biceps femoris/rectus femoris muscles was higher during the pre-perturbation period than the recovery period. The study confirmed that older adults compensated for muscle weakness by using lower joint moments and muscle activations and increasing muscle co-contractions to recover balance after split-belt treadmill perturbations. A better understanding of the recovery mechanisms of older adults who train on fall-inducing systems could improve therapeutic regimens.

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Role of a single session of ball throwing exercise on postural control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

et al. 2019

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The effects of short-term and long-term experiences on co-contraction of lower extremity postural control muscles during continuous, multi-directional support-surface perturbations

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

The underlying mechanisms of improved balance after one and ten sessions of balance training in older adults

The underlying mechanisms of improved balance after one and ten sessions of balance training in older adults

Aging Affects Lower Limb Joint Moments and Muscle Responses to a Split-Belt Treadmill Perturbation

Role of a single session of ball throwing exercise on postural control in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

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