The Effects of Sex-Ratio and Density on Locomotor Activity in the House Fly,Musca domestica

Bahrndorff, Simon; Kjærsgaard, Anders; Pertoldi, Cino; Loeschcke, Volker; Schou, Toke Munk; Skovgård, Henrik; Hald, Birthe

doi:10.1673/031.012.7101

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Male autocorrelation time and hence predictability increased with temperature up to 25Ð30ЊC and then decreased. Male activity was thus more predictable at the intermediate temperatures close to the optimum temperature, where most behavioral processes are likely to occur (Bahrndorff et al 2012). The lower predictability of locomotor activity of females compared with the males could potentially be linked to mating avoidance behavior of females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The reduced activity with increased density has also been found in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Sewell 1979). An explanation for this density-dependent effect of temperature on locomotor activity could be due to the ßies being stressed at extreme temperatures, where ßies cannot allocate energy into sustaining activity, whereas at intermediate temperatures, behavioral aspects such as courtship behavior (Goulson et al 1999a) and differences in activity between sexes (Bahrndorff et al 2012) could explain differences between treatments. The lack of effect of density on ßy activity at nighttime was expected because of the low level of activity of ßies generally observed during nighttime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was done by transferring ßies to vials (6.5-cm-long capillary glass with an external diameter of 2.5 cm) and positioned horizontally in the LAM. Each end of the vials was sealed with foam stoppers and with food placed in the opposite end of the light source (Bahrndorff et al 2012). The ßies were sexed (brießy anesthetized by use of CO 2 ) and then transferred to the glass vials and left for 22 h before locomotor activity was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Musca domestica (L.), density has been found to affect traits such as life expectancy and wing retention (Rockstein et al 1981). Some studies have addressed the effect of density per se on behavioral traits, such as locomotor activity (Sewell 1979, Bahrndorff et al 2012, although only under one set of thermal conditions and for either males or females. In addition, studies have found that larval density in Drosophila can also affect thermal performance, where larvae reared at high densities show increased expression of heat shock proteins and increased thermal performance (Sørensen and Loeschcke 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies have provided some evidence for the importance of temperature and density on the behavior of M. domestica and other insects (Sewell 1979, Buchan and Sohal 1981, Rockstein et al 1981, Bahrndorff et al 2012), this support is almost exclusively based on measurements at a limited number of temperatures or densities. However, an understanding of how temperature and density interact may help us unravel complex interactions and understand how it affects behavioral traits.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

et al. 2013

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The behavior of ectotherm organisms is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the synergistic effects on behavioral traits. This study examined the effect of temperature and density on locomotor activity of Musca domestica (L.). Locomotor activity was measured for both sexes and at four densities (with mixed sexes) during a full light and dark (L:D) cycle at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40ºC. Locomotor activity during daytime increased with temperature at all densities until reaching 30ºC and then decreased. Highdensity treatments significantly reduced the locomotor activity per fly, except at 15ºC. For both sexes, daytime activity also increased with temperature until reaching 30 and 35ºC for males and females, respectively, and thereafter decreased. Furthermore, males showed a significantly higher and more predictable locomotor activity than females. During nighttime, locomotor activity was considerably lower for all treatments. Altogether the results of the current study show that there is a significant interaction of temperature and density on daytime locomotor activity of M. domestica and that houseflies are likely to show significant changes in locomotor activity with change in temperature. BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne's Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use.Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BEHAVIOR Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity ofMusca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) ABSTRACT The behavior of ectotherm organisms is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the synergistic effects on behavioral traits. This study examined the effect of temperature and density on locomotor activity of Musca domestica (L.). Locomotor activity was measured for both sexes and at four densities (with mixed sexes) during a full light and dark (L:D) cycle at temperatures ranging from 10 to 40ЊC. Locomotor activity during daytime increased with temperature at all densities until reaching 30ЊC and then decreased. Highdensity treatments signiÞcantly reduced the locomotor activity per ßy, except at 15ЊC. For both sexes, daytime activity also increased with temperature until reaching 30 and 35ЊC for males and females, respectively, and thereafter decreased. Furthermore, males showed a signiÞcantly higher and more predictable locomotor activity than females. During nighttime, locomotor activity ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

et al. 2013

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Density‐dependent diel activity in stream‐dwelling Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Fingerle

Larranaga

Steingrímsson

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Intraspecific competition plays a significant role in shaping how animals use and share habitats in space and time. However, the way individuals may modify their diel activity in response to increased competition has received limited attention. We used juvenile (age 1+) Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus to test the prediction that individuals at high population density are more active and distribute their foraging activity over a greater portion of the 24‐h cycle than individuals at low population density. Individually tagged fish were stocked in seminatural stream enclosures at low (2 fish/m2) and high (6 fish/m2) density. During each of two 2‐week experimental rounds, activity of all fish within each enclosure was recorded every 3 h over seven 24‐h cycles. At high density, fish were more active and distributed their activity over a greater portion of the 24‐h cycle, with increased activity particularly at crepuscular times. Fluctuations in ecological conditions (e.g., water temperature and light intensity) also affected activity. Fish at high density grew as fast as fish at low density. This study demonstrates that individuals exhibit a degree of behavioral flexibility in their response to changes in ecological conditions and suggests that intraspecific competition can cause animals to modify temporal aspects of their activity to gain access to resources and maintain growth.

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Automated swimming activity monitor for examining temporal patterns of toxicant effects on individual Daphnia magna

Bahrndorff

Michaelsen

Jensen

et al. 2015

J of Applied Toxicology

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Aquatic pollutants are often biologically active at low concentrations and impact on biota in combination with other abiotic stressors. Traditional toxicity tests may not detect these effects, and there is a need for sensitive high-throughput methods for detecting sublethal effects. We have evaluated an automated infra-red (IR) light-based monitor for recording the swimming activity of Daphnia magna to establish temporal patterns of toxicant effects on an individual level. Activity was recorded for 48 h and the sensitivity of the monitor was evaluated by exposing D. magna to the reference chemicals K2 Cr2 O7 at 15, 20 and 25 °C and 2,4-dichlorophenol at 20 °C. Significant effects (P < 0.001) of toxicant concentrations, exposure time and incubation temperatures were observed. At 15 °C, the swimming activity remained unchanged for 48 h at sublethal concentrations of K2 Cr2 O7 whereas activity at 20 and 25 °C was more biphasic with decreases in activity occurring after 12-18 h. A similar biphasic pattern was observed after 2,4-dichlorophenol exposure at 20 °C. EC50 values for 2,4-dichlorophenol and K2 Cr2 O7 determined from automated recording of swimming activity showed increasing toxicity with time corresponding to decreases in EC50 of 0.03-0.07 mg l(-1) h(-1) . EC50 values determined after 48 h were comparable or lower than EC50 values based on visual inspection according to ISO 6341. The results demonstrated that the swimming activity monitor is capable of detecting sublethal behavioural effects that are toxicant and temperature dependent. The method allows EC values to be established at different time points and can serve as a high-throughput screening tool in toxicity testing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Effects of Sex-Ratio and Density on Locomotor Activity in the House Fly,Musca domestica

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae)

Temperature and Population Density Effects on Locomotor Activity of <I>Musca domestica</I> (Diptera: Muscidae)

Density‐dependent diel activity in stream‐dwelling Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus

Automated swimming activity monitor for examining temporal patterns of toxicant effects on individual Daphnia magna

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