The Effects of Selected Stimulus Waveforms on Pulse and Phase Characteristics at Sensory and Motor Thresholds

Kantor, G.; Alon, Gad; Ho, Henry

doi:10.1093/ptj/74.10.951

Cited by 74 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Advancements in the type of waveforms used during stimulation have been noted in other forms of neuromodulation. Monophasic wave pulses have been traditionally used for intravesical electrical stimulation therapy, but several studies [11][12][13][14] found that biphasic waveforms were a better alternative to monophasic waves. Specifically, the charge-balanced biphasic waveforms had an equal or lower peak current and peak voltage, as well as phase change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients

Youn¹,

Smith²,

Morris

et al. 2015

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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tection and vibratory detection thresholds also significantly increased with HFS compared to ON states (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). In addition, HFS significantly decreased 10-and 40-gram pinprick detection compared to OFF states (both p = 0.01). No significant differences between OFF, ON and HFS states were seen in thermal and thermal pain detection. Conclusion: HFS is a new means of modulating chronic pain. The mechanism by which HFS works seems to differ from that of traditional SCS, offering a new platform for innovative advancements in treatment and a greater potential to treat patients by customizing waveforms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients

Youn¹,

Smith²,

Morris

et al. 2015

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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“…19) Net current flow will be theoretically zero beneath two electrodes of TENS unit with symmetrical biphasic waveform, while the build-up of ion concentrations with a certain charge will occur beneath electrodes of TENS unit with monophasic waveform. 49) As excess build-up of ion concentrations is more likely to cause the adverse skin reactions, almost current TENS units adopt the biphasic waveform for the safety. 19) Sometimes, asymmetrical biphasic waveform was adopted for the mild accumulation of ions, resulting in slight concentration preferential polarity beneath the electrodes.…”

Section: Waveformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Understanding of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Jung¹,

Byun²,

Choi³

2016

Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain

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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the representative physiotherapical modalities used for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders by the application of electrical stimuli. In dental practice, it has long been used in the treatment of acute and chronic orofacial pain conditions including temporomandibular disorders. TENS is the delivery of therapeutic electrical stimuli with a variety of electrical intensity, frequency and duration to stimulate peripheral nerve through surface electrodes with various form and placement. While controversy still remains over the clinical effectiveness and application of TENS, basic understanding of its electrical properties and the expected biological reactions is important to increase the therapeutic effect and decrease the risk of possible side effects. This review, therefore, focuses on basic understanding of TENS including its underlying mechanisms and stimulation parameters.

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“…The stimulation was performed with a monopolar square pulse duration of 200 µsec. Medium pulses (~200 µsec) were utilized to ensure torque generation and to avoid muscle fatigue and nociceptor activation [24][25][26][27][28] .…”

Section: Motor Threshold Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the neuromuscular compartments in the peroneus longus muscle through electrical stimulation and accelerometry

Méndez

Gatica

Guzmán

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

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| Background: Muscles are innervated exclusively by a nerve branch and possess definite actions. However, mammalian skeletal muscles, such as the trapezius, the medial gastrocnemius, and the peroneus longus, are compartmentalized. In the peroneus longus muscle, multiple motor points, which innervate individual neuromuscular compartments (NMC), the superior (S-NMC), anteroinferior (AI-NMC), and posteroinferior (PI-NMC), have been described. The contribution of each neuromuscular compartment to the final action of the muscle is fundamental for the rehabilitation of patients afflicted by neurological and muscle dysfunctions. Interventions are often based on electrical principles that take advantage of the physiological characteristics of muscles and nerves to generate therapeutic effects. Objective: To compare the effects of stimulating the different neuromuscular compartments (NMCs) of the peroneus longus muscle on the motor threshold (MT) and acceleration of the foot. Method: This is a cross-sectional study comprising 37 subjects. The three NMCs of the peroneus longus muscle were stimulated, and the acceleration of the foot and the motor threshold of each NMC were evaluated. A repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections of two intra-subjects factors was performed. Results: The stimulation of the different NMCs did not result in any differences in MT (F=2.635, P=0.079). There were significant differences between the axes of acceleration caused by the stimulation of the different NMCs (F=56,233; P=0.000). The stimulation of the posteroinferior compartment resulted in the greatest acceleration in the X-axis (mean 0.614; standard deviation 0.253). Conclusions: The posteroinferior compartment primarily contributes to the eversion movement of the foot. NMCs have specific functional roles that contribute to the actions of the muscles to which they belong.Keywords: neuromuscular compartment; peroneus longus muscle; accelerometry; motor threshold; motor point; physical therapy. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLEMéndez GA, Gatica VF, Guzmán EE, Soto AE. Evaluation of the neuromuscular compartments in the peroneus longus muscle through electrical stimulation and accelerometry. Braz J Phys Ther. 2013 Sept-Oct; 17(5):427-434. http://dx

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The Effects of Selected Stimulus Waveforms on Pulse and Phase Characteristics at Sensory and Motor Thresholds

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients

The Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Sensory Thresholds in Chronic Pain Patients

Basic Understanding of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Evaluation of the neuromuscular compartments in the peroneus longus muscle through electrical stimulation and accelerometry

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