The Effects of Seeding Rate on Older Stands of Glyphosate‐Tolerant Alfalfa

Hall, M. H.; Dillon, J. M.; Stambaugh, Hunter James; Hebrock, Nick S.; Caddel, J. L.; Owens, Vance N.; Sulc, R. Mark; Undersander, D. J.; Whitesides, Ralph E.

doi:10.2134/agronj2011.0292

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Alfalfa has a great capacity to compensate for lost plants. Hall et al [6,18] reported plant density ranged between 120 to 200 plants m −2 in the sowing year, decreasing to less than 100 plants m −2 in the first production year. By the third production year, the plant density had decreased to less than 80 plants m −2 [18].…”

Section: Total Seasonal Forage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hall et al [6,18] reported plant density ranged between 120 to 200 plants m −2 in the sowing year, decreasing to less than 100 plants m −2 in the first production year. By the third production year, the plant density had decreased to less than 80 plants m −2 [18]. The regression models for forage yield using plant density were significant (p ≤ 0.05) and similar for all years, utilizing both spring and fall plant density counts (Figure 3).…”

Section: Total Seasonal Forage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thicker stems have reported to have higher NDF and ADF values compared with thinner stems [29]. Higher sowing rates can cause intra-specific competition among alfalfa plants [18], which can force plants to increase stem length, increasing the stem to leaf ratio. However, Iwaasa et al [30] found increased sowing rates had no influence on alfalfa cell wall constituents.…”

Section: Forage Nutritive Quality Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current yield prediction models used by the Risk Management Agency (RMA) for multi-peril insurance uses a minimum number of alfalfa plants per unit area, depending on the field's location, and other factors [17]. For example, a non-irrigated alfalfa monocrop in eastern North Dakota needs to have at least 107 plants m −2 to be considered as a productive stand [17].Use of newer weed control tools such as glyphosate-resistant alfalfa cultivars can greatly enhance weed control, especially during the sowing year [18]. However, these new cultivars have a higher seed cost compared with conventional cultivars, and so use of increased sowing rates will greatly increase the establishment cost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Use of newer weed control tools such as glyphosate-resistant alfalfa cultivars can greatly enhance weed control, especially during the sowing year [18]. However, these new cultivars have a higher seed cost compared with conventional cultivars, and so use of increased sowing rates will greatly increase the establishment cost.…”

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How Does Sowing Rate Affect Plant and Stem Density, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value in Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa?

Berti

Samarappuli

2018

Agronomy

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The recommended sowing rate of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is about 10 kg pure live seed ha −1 , but it is debated if increasing the sowing rate enhances forage yield and quality in the sowing year. This study was conducted to: (i) determine the optimal sowing rate to maximize forage yield; and (ii) determine the relationship between plant and stem density with forage yield and nutritive value. Experiments were conducted at three sites in North Dakota between 2013 and 2016. Six sowing rates [1,5,10,15,20, and 25 kg ha −1 pure live seed (PLS)] were evaluated. Results indicated that total forage yield in the sowing year was lower only with the lowest sowing rate. Maximum total forage yield in the sowing, first, second, and third production years was obtained with 73, 52, 37, and 36 plants m −2 and 575, 495, 435, and 427 stems m −2 , respectively. In the sowing and first production year, both plant and stem density predicted forage yield similarly. In older stands, stem density predicted forage yield slightly better. Forage nutritive value was similar among sowing rates indicating an increase in sowing rate does not enhance forage nutritive value. In conclusion, increasing the sowing rate above the recommended rate (10 kg PLS ha −1 ) does not increase forage yield or quality. establishment with sowing rates above 17 kg ha −1 [5]. Volenec et al. [7] reported, when plant density is increased up to 172 plants m −2 , alfalfa yield per area was increased, but yield per plant decreased. Alfalfa stem diameter [8] and shoot weight [9] reduction has been associated with increased sowing rates. However, protein content does not increase with higher sowing rates [3]. In studies in the USA, during the first production year of alfalfa, optimum stand density to provide maximum yield varied from 140 to 260 plants m −2 [10]. Most studies have reported that increased sowing rates had limited effects on forage yield long term [2,6]. However, Glaspie et al. [11] reported conflicting results in which a sowing rate of 18 kg ha −1 [4], had the highest alfalfa yield both in the sowing year and in the first production year, compared with 10 kg ha −1 rate.One reason for the observed variability between forage yield and sowing rate is the difference in plant components and their ability to compensate stand loss over time [2]. In the northern Great Plains, alfalfa stand persistence and forage yield can be reduced due to winter-kill and winter-injury. In 2013, over 90% of alfalfa growers in Minnesota and Wisconsin reported winter-kill and winter-injury [12]. Most winter-kill happens when several weather factors such as above normal rainfall, lack of snow cover, and temperatures below −15 • C are combined [13]. Berti et al. [14] also reported a significant increase in the number of dead alfalfa plants in the spring following a fall harvest in the previous year, due to winter-kill. Plant density on average declined from 100 to 25 plants m −2 in four years, while the stem density decreased in the first two years, but it was stable at about 350...

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Section: Total Seasonal Forage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Seasonal Forage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forage Nutritive Quality Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

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How Does Sowing Rate Affect Plant and Stem Density, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value in Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa?

Berti

Samarappuli

2018

Agronomy

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Variations in the Alfalfa Forage Yield Per Cuts in the First Vegetation Year

Ristakjovska Shirgovska,

Prentovikj,

Dimov

et al. 2022

JAFES

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Understanding the effects of seeding rate and row spacing on fresh and dry matter yield may help obtain optimal and cost-effective alfalfa production (Medicago sativa L.). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal seeding rate and row spacing when sowing different alfalfa genotypes. A field experiment was set up in the fall of 2020 in Zlokukjani of Skopje settlement, North Macedonia, according to a split-split plot design in a randomized complete block in three replications. The treatments in the experiment include two seeding rates (8 and 16 kg ha -1 ), two row spaces (20 and 40 cm), and four alfalfa cultivars. The obtained results show a significant influence of the sowing method (row spacing) on the two examined traits (fresh and dry forage yield) compared to the seeding rate, which did not show significant differences in yield. The highest yield of fresh (26 t ha -1 ) and dry (7.04 t ha -1 ) forage is achieved in the first cut at a sowing distance of 20 cm. Our one-year research recommends that when applying appropriate agro-technical methods in crop establishment and temperate climatic conditions, there is no justification for applying high sowing norms (over 16 kg ha -1 ). The selection of an appropriate commercial cultivar and row spacing are inevitable items within an agronomic production technology to obtain optimal alfalfa forage production.

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Effect of harvest maturity stage and seeding rate on alfalfa yield and quality

Katanski¹,

Milić²,

Cupina³

et al. 2020

Ratar i povrt

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Cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a highly productive forage crop with great economic potential. Our objectives were to investigate the effects and interactions of environment, harvest maturity stage, seeding rate and cultivars on alfalfa dry matter yield and quality. The field experiment was carried out over 2010-2012 at the Experimental Field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, at two locations: (I) Čenej, and (II) Rimski Šančevi, which were characterized by a contrasting soil condition. The experimental treatments included two seeding rates of 8 and 16 kg ha-1 , three different harvest maturity stages of alfalfa, and four alfalfa cultivars included as a subplot in every treatment. Harvesting alfalfa five times within a year (cutting in the beginning of flowering) in the second and third year of stand life is the most efficient harvest regime that allows full exploitation of cultivar genetic potential and environmental conditions. There was no difference in yields between harvests at early and full flowering stage (15.9 t ha-1). Data related to forage quality components show increase of nutritive value when harvesting alfalfa in earlier maturity stage. Maturity stage in the moment of harvesting significantly affected all quality parameters. The results obtained suggest that in a temperate climate of Southeast Europe there is little justification for planting higher seeding rates of alfalfa varieties under good establishment practices. Increasing seeding rates above 16 kg ha-1 does not provide a long-term boon in alfalfa production.

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The Effects of Seeding Rate on Older Stands of Glyphosate‐Tolerant Alfalfa

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

How Does Sowing Rate Affect Plant and Stem Density, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value in Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa?

How Does Sowing Rate Affect Plant and Stem Density, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value in Glyphosate-Tolerant Alfalfa?

Variations in the Alfalfa Forage Yield Per Cuts in the First Vegetation Year

Effect of harvest maturity stage and seeding rate on alfalfa yield and quality

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