The effects of seed from Linum usitatissimum cultivar with increased phenylpropanoid compounds and hydrolysable tannin in a high cholesterol-fed rabbit

Abstract

BackgroundDietary fat is considered one of the most important factors associated with blood lipid metabolism and plays a significant role in the cause and prevention of atherosclerosis that has been widely accepted as an inflammatory disease of the vascular system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of genetically modified flaxseed (W86) rich in phenylpropanoid compounds and hydrolysable tannin in high cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis rabbit models compared to parental cultivar Linola.MethodsTwenty-Eight White New Zealand white rabbits aged 6 months were randomly divided into four groups, control group, high cholesterol group (10 g/kg), Linola flaxseed group (100 g/kg) and W86 flaxseed group (100 g/kg). The rabbits were fed a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. Levels of blood lipids, hematological values, total antioxidative status and superoxide dismutase activity in serum were determined. Moreover, body weight and feed intake were measured after sixth and tenth weeks. After each stage of the experiment atherogenic indexes (non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and atherogenic index of plasma) was calculated.ResultsThe intake of a dyslipidaemic diet negatively influenced lipid profile in rabbits at the 10 weeks of feeding. W86 flaxseed significantly decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG serum levels in cholesterolemic rabbits compared with parental Linola after 10 weeks. Atherogenic indexes decreased over time with a significant difference between the diets and they were the best for W86 flaxseed. Similarly, the experimental addition of W86 significantly decreased atherogenic predictors such as heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio. In rabbits, W86 flaxseed increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidative status compared to Linola.ConclusionsResults of the presented study suggest that the addition of W86 flaxseed alleviate serum lipid changes in high cholesterolemic diet-administered rabbits. W86 flaxseed significantly reduced atherogenic indexes, as compared with the Linola and indicate that W86 flaxseed more effectively red CVD risk factors during hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, the presented result suggested that W86 flaxseed can be a part of a heart-healthy and antiatherogenic diet for the human.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0726-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Inclusion of Camelina, Flax, and Sunflower Seeds in the Diets for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Growth Performance, Health Status, and Carcass and Meat Quality Traits

“…Similarly, other authors reported a negative effect of the addition of flax seeds into the diet on the hematological indicators in animals. Investigations consisting in the supplementation of diets for rabbits with two flaxseed varieties demonstrated a decline in the values of RBC, HgB, MPV, and PCV in the blood of the animals [51]. Rajesha et al [52] reported reduced PCV and RBC levels in the blood of hens correlated with the level of flax seeds in the diet.…”

Supplementation of Broiler Chicken Feed Mixtures with Micronised Oilseeds and the Effects on Nutrient Contents and Mineral Profiles of Meat and Some Organs, Carcass Composition Parameters, and Health Status

“…Our previous study analysed the addition of raw oilseeds in broiler chicken nutrition also indicated a decrease in the haemoglobin level in supplemented groups [46]. Other studies conducted with the use of two flaxseed varieties in rabbit nutrition have shown a decrease in RBC, HGB, MPV, and PCV in the blood of the experimental animals [47]. The reduction in the level of haemoglobin and MCHC induced by the FLA.IR supplementation may be related to the content of cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin, linustatin, and neolinustatin) and enzymes (β-bis-glucosidase, β-monoglucosidase, and α-hydroxynitrile lyase), which are involved in the hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides and the release of hydrocyanic acid [35,48,49].…”

Beneficial effects oflinum usitatissimum L.on dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hypercholesterolemic rats

“…Similar results were found by Naik et al (2018) who showed that addition of flaxseeds to the high cholesterol diet (HCD) improved all the antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST and modestly reduced the levels of TBARS. Additionally, Króliczewska et al (2018) indicated that treatment of rabbits with flaxseed increased the activity of SOD and total antioxidative status. Hence, the treatment with flaxseeds enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities suggested that these seeds could improve efficiency the superoxide radical’s conversion to hydrogen peroxide and SOD activity following deactivation of hydrogen peroxide by GSH-Px.…”