The effects of
            <scp>RNA</scp>
            methylation on immune cells development and function

Zha, Lingfeng; Wang, Jinglin; Cheng, Xiang

doi:10.1096/fj.202200716r

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 144 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…In host cells, m 5 C is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and immune cells like CD4 T Cells development ( 111 , 112 ). In the innate antiviral response, m 5 C and its regulator have a sophisticated role.…”

Section: Non-m 6 a Rna Modifications In Antiviral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intriguingly, upregulated m 1 A on host RNA inhibits the activity of the replication complex of SARS-COV-2 and thus achieves an antiviral effect, an effect that does not appear to be related to the steric hindrance caused by m 1 A ( 233 ). As for the impact on immune cells, research on m 1 A has mainly focused on cancer, such as its influence on immune cell infiltration ( 111 ). Nevertheless, this modification demonstrates research value in antiviral innate immunity.…”

Section: Non-m 6 a Rna Modifications In Antiviral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The regulation of antiviral innate immunity through non-m6A RNA modifications

Shen,

Zhang

2023

Front. Immunol.

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The post-transcriptional RNA modifications impact the dynamic regulation of gene expression in diverse biological and physiological processes. Host RNA modifications play an indispensable role in regulating innate immune responses against virus infection in mammals. Meanwhile, the viral RNAs can be deposited with RNA modifications to interfere with the host immune responses. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has boosted the recent emergence of RNA epigenetics, due to its high abundance and a transcriptome-wide widespread distribution in mammalian cells, proven to impact antiviral innate immunity. However, the other types of RNA modifications are also involved in regulating antiviral responses, and the functional roles of these non-m6A RNA modifications have not been comprehensively summarized. In this Review, we conclude the regulatory roles of 2’-O-methylation (Nm), 5-methylcytidine (m5C), adenosine-inosine editing (A-to-I editing), pseudouridine (Ψ), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), N6,2’-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), and N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) in antiviral innate immunity. We provide a systematic introduction to the biogenesis and functions of these non-m6A RNA modifications in viral RNA, host RNA, and during virus-host interactions, emphasizing the biological functions of RNA modification regulators in antiviral responses. Furthermore, we discussed the recent research progress in the development of antiviral drugs through non-m6A RNA modifications. Collectively, this Review conveys knowledge and inspiration to researchers in multiple disciplines, highlighting the challenges and future directions in RNA epitranscriptome, immunology, and virology.

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Section: Non-m 6 a Rna Modifications In Antiviral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-m 6 a Rna Modifications In Antiviral ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The regulation of antiviral innate immunity through non-m6A RNA modifications

Shen,

Zhang

2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…Unlike DNA or histones, the types of RNA modifications are greater in number, with > 170 modifications identified to date, including N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), 7-methylguanine (m7G), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and N 1-methyladenosine (m1A) [ 18 ]. Previous studies have indicated that RNA methylation affects the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the activities of various immune cells [ 19 , 20 ]. It has been demonstrated that m6A, the most prevalent form of methylation modification, plays an important role in the progression of IRI [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive analysis of m6A/m7G/m5C/m1A-related gene expression and immune infiltration in liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms

Meng,

Li,

et al. 2024

Eur J Med Res

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Background Liver ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI) is closely associated with immune infiltration, which commonly occurs after liver surgery, especially liver transplantation. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the genes responsible for LIRI and develop effective therapeutic strategies that target immune response. Methylation modifications in mRNA play various crucial roles in different diseases. This study aimed to identify potential methylation-related markers in patients with LIRI and evaluate the corresponding immune infiltration. Methods Two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets containing human liver transplantation data (GSE12720 and GSE151648) were downloaded for integrated analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to investigate the functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Differentially expressed methylation-related genes (DEMRGs) were identified by overlapping DEG sets and 65 genes related to N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 7-methylguanine (m7G), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A). To evaluate the relationship between DEMRGs, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was utilized. The core DEMRGs were screened using three machine learning algorithms: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, random forest, and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination. After verifying the diagnostic efficacy using the receiver operating characteristic curve, we validated the expression of the core DEMRGs in clinical samples and performed relative cell biology experiments. Additionally, the immune status of LIRI was comprehensively assessed using the single sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm. The upstream microRNA and transcription factors of the core DEMRGs were also predicted. Results In total, 2165 upregulated and 3191 downregulated DEGs were identified, mainly enriched in LIRI-related pathways. The intersection of DEGs and methylation-related genes yielded 28 DEMRGs, showing high interaction in the PPI network. Additionally, the core DEMRGs YTHDC1, METTL3, WTAP, and NUDT3 demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic efficacy and significant differential expression and corresponding function based on cell biology experiments. Furthermore, immune infiltration analyses indicated that several immune cells correlated with all core DEMRGs in the LIRI process to varying extents. Conclusions We identified core DEMRGs (YTHDC1, METTL3, WTAP, and NUDT3) associated with immune infiltration in LIRI through bioinformatics and validated them experimentally. This study may provide potential methylation-related gene targets for LIRI immunotherapy.

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Catalysis‐Controlled Selective N‐mono or N‐di‐methylation of Anilines: A Review on Synthesis of N‐methyl or N,N‐dimethyl anilines

Zhang,

Chen,

Min

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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N‐alkyl anilines are a series of common and versatile compounds which not only have been used as reaction solvents, acid‐accepters, and organic‐bases, but also in synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and anti‐colodal. The N‐methyl and/or N,N‐dimethyl anilines are the most representative ones among these. Due to their widespread uses, numerous works have been reported on synthetic strategies in the past decades. The studies on N−H methylations of anilines mainly focus on selection of reagents, selection of catalysts, or ligands design. Different transition‐metals, e. g., Ir, Ru, Pd, and et. al, with different ligands have been used in the methylation protocols. Methanol (CH3OH), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), or dimethyl carbonate ((CH3)2CO3) was used as C source, and hydrogen (H2) or silanes as H source. In this work, we would like to summarize the latest advances on the synthesis of N‐methyl (N,N‐dimethyl included) anilines and derivatives. This review provides an overview of reactants and catalyst, as well as an emphasis on the scope of substrates and proposed reaction mechanism for each work.

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The effects of RNA methylation on immune cells development and function

Cited by 8 publications

References 144 publications

The regulation of antiviral innate immunity through non-m6A RNA modifications

The regulation of antiviral innate immunity through non-m6A RNA modifications

A comprehensive analysis of m6A/m7G/m5C/m1A-related gene expression and immune infiltration in liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms

Catalysis‐Controlled Selective N‐mono or N‐di‐methylation of Anilines: A Review on Synthesis of N‐methyl or N,N‐dimethyl anilines

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