The Effects of Saposhnikovia divaricata Aqueous Extracts on the Inflammation and Intestinal Microflora in Allergic Rhinitis Mice

Abstract

Background. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I allergic disease induced by IgE. Traditional Chinese medicine Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk (SD) has anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. Materials and Methods. AR model mice were constructed with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization to observe the improving effect of SD treatment on AR by counting the number of sneezing and rubbing the nose, hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and toluidine blue stains. In addition, the allergy and inflammatory cytokines levels and inflammatory cells were observed by ELISA and Wright’s-Giemsa stain. The protein levels of the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB and IL-6/ROR-γt/STAT3 pathways were measured by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot. The intestinal microflora abundance in mice was observed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results. SD treatment inhibited the sneezing and rubbing times of the nose, decreased the degree of a dense arrangement of cells and mucosal swelling and the number of goblet and mast cells of nasal lavage fluid, reduced the levels of IgE, histamine, Leukotriene B4, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, the eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes number, the LR4, TRAF6, IL-6, ROR-γt, and STAT3 mRNA levels, respectively, while, it increased the IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 proteins. SD treatment inhibited the NF-κB, p-STAT3, TLR4, TRAF6, and p-IκBα/IκBα proteins. Besides, the effects of OVA and SD treatments were significantly correlated with the abundance of intestinal microflora. The abundances of Cytophagales, Burkholderia, Alteromonadales, Lactococcus, and Clostridiaceae were changed in SD treatment on AR mice. Conclusions. This study provides a possibility that the improvement effect of SD treatment on allergies and inflammation in AR mice may be related to the TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB and IL-6/ROR-γt/STAT3 pathways and intestinal microflora modulation.

Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (Shu Dihuang) exerts neuroprotective effects on ICV-STZ-induced Alzheimer’s disease mice through modulation of INSR/IRS-1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway and intestinal microbiota

“…Statistical analysis of phylum and class level abundance among different groups was performed based on ASVs/OTU sequence abundance. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed by Suzhou PANOMIX Biomedical Tech Co., LTD. ( Chen et al, 2022 ).…”

Knowledge mapping of links between dendritic cells and allergic diseases: A bibliometric analysis (2004–2023)

“…S. divaricata is a herb that was demonstrated to have a positive effect on allergic diseases [ 43 , 44 ]. Cleomiscosin A [ [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] ], vanillic acid [ 45 , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] ], prim- O -glucosylcimifugin [ 45 , [54] , [55] , [56] ], and 5- O -methylvisammioside [ 45 , 56 , 57 ] are bioactive components of S. divaricata and these components play an important role in inhibiting allergic inflammation.…”

Antiallergic Effects of Callerya atropurpurea Extract In Vitro and in an In Vivo Atopic Dermatitis Model

“…In particular, TLR4 activation altered the Th1/Th2 balance, resulting in amplification of allergic diseases [ 45 ]. Saposhnikovia divaricata aqueous extracts and daphnetin (a bioactive coumarin derivate) displayed anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects in allergic rhinitis (AR) models through modulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling [ 46 , 47 ]. Moreover, regulation of FcεRI and TLR4 signaling potentiated DNCB-induced AD symptoms [ 48 ].…”