The effects of sample selection bias on racial differences in child abuse reporting

Ards, Sheila D.; Chung, Chanjin; Myers, Samuel L.

doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00131-2

Cited by 81 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…6 Ards et al (1998) in order to examine the effects of sample selection bias on racial differences in child abuse reporting has used Heckman model and has concluded that sample selection effects estimations. 4 So by looking these limited studies, we want to improve the knowledge of these models and to raise awareness about the importance of these models in health studies. It shall be kept in mind that the experimental designs where unmeasured confounding and selection bias are frequently seen are survey type researches or cross-sectional observational or clinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the subjects are not selected by a randomization process, it is inevitable that a selection bias occurs in the research. 4 Heckman model is used for correcting selection bias and adjusting bias that may occur from non-random sample selection bias statistically. 5,6 Therefore, before starting the model process of Heckman, researcher should consider whether there is a selection bias or not.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Usage of Heckman Sample Selection Model in Health Studies: An Application of Prostate Cancer Patients

Pasin¹,

Ankaralı²,

Yeşilyurt³

2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : The objective of this study is to introduce theoretical characteristics of Heckman sample selection regression model,to clarify when it is required to be used and to show its usage in health area. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th ho od ds s: : Heckman selection model, which is an appropriate tool for addressing the sample selection bias, was used for determining the risk factors of Gleason score for three datasets which have 2000 observations obtained from simulation study. The data was about the prostate cancer patients. In the data, there were benign tumor structures or stage 1 tumors in the study besides malign tumors but Gleason score was not calculated when tumor is benign. So sample selection bias is a matter for nonresponse Gleason score answers in our data. Also the model was performed for the datasets that have 0.30; 0.50 and 0.70 of censored proportion (nonresponse Gleason score) individual number by considering actual structures between variables with the help of simulation. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : There was no significant relationship between Gleason score and smoking, family history. But we found that age, PSA(prostate specific antigen) and weight variables have significant relationship with Gleason score (p<0.001). Adjusted standard error value was the highest in dataset with 0.50 censored proportion, and the lowest in data set with highest censor proportion (0.70). Among models the lowest log likelihood value has been determined in model with 0.50 censor proportion. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : When there is sample selection bias on dependent variable, Heckman sample selection regression model can be suggested. In addition, researchers can have more accurate results by increasing the use of these models in health sciences. K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Models, statistical; neoplasm grading; prostatic neoplasms; selection bias Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu çalışmanın amacı, Heckman seçim regresyon modelinin teorik özelliklerini tanıt-mak, hangi durumlarda kullanılması gerektiğini ve sağlık alanında kullanımını göstermektir. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Çalışmada örnek seçim yanlılığını gideren uygun bir model olan Heckman seçim modeli, Gleason skoruna etki eden risk faktörlerini araştırmak amacıyla simülasyon çalışmasından elde edilen 2000 gözleme sahip üç veri seti için kullanılmıştır. Veri setleri prostat kanserli hastaları içermektedir. Gleason skoru prostat kanseri hastalarında tümörün çeşidi malign olduğunda hesaplanan bir skor olmasına rağmen, çalışmamızda tümor yapısı olarak iyi huylu veya 1. evre tümörler de mevcut olduğundan, Gleason skoru hesaplanamayan birçok kişi sebebiyle örnek seçim yanlılığı söz konusudur. Model, gerçek yapıları dikkate alarak simülasyon yoluyla elde edilen sansür oranları (Gleason skoru hesaplanamayan) sırasıyla 0.30; 0.50 ve 0.70 olan üç farklı veri seti için kurulmuştur. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Gleason skoru ile sigara içme durumu ve aile öyküsü değişkenleri ara...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Heckman Sample Selection Model in Health Studies: An Application of Prostate Cancer Patients

Pasin¹,

Ankaralı²,

Yeşilyurt³

2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…Reference [18] finds the level of domestic violence amongst Afro-American families in the USA to be higher than that in the population at large there. This disparity stems from social segregation and exclusion, from the high rates of unemployment and the poor socio-economic situation of that minority vis-à -vis the broader population.…”

Section: Minority Groups and Domestic Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Educator’s Modes of Identifying and Coping with Pupil’s Exposure to Domestic Violence in Schools in East Jerusalem

Daaboul¹

2016

IJSSH

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Abstract-The phenomenon of child abuse and violence towards them has negative effects on children at diverse levels: the social level, the personal level, the physical level, and emotional level. Various studies around the world have examined the extent of the phenomenon and its dimensions, methods of handling it, and developing the services for treating it, including a program for its prevention. This paper includes a first of its kind study in East Jerusalem that deals with the teachers' and educators' ability & Modes to identify, and ways of coping in schools there, with cases of children who suffer domestic abuse. It discusses identifying attributes of educators' coping in schools there with problems of domestic violence towards children. The analysis of the study results shows that educators have the ability to identify, and the knowledge of the subject of domestic violence, their method of treatment varies between internal work with the student himself and coping through the welfare services and the police. However, they still face many difficulties dealing with the cases: systemic difficulties and the barriers, family difficulties and the barriers, barriers by the teacher's families, parents' pressure on the students, and political difficulties and barriers.

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“…African American children make up about 15 percent of the overall population but they comprise more than 25 percent of reported and substantiated cases of abuse and neglect. In part because of the higher-than-average representation among substantiated cases, African American children are disproportionately found in foster care and outof-home placements (Ards, Chung, and Myers, 1998).…”

Section: Racial Disproportionality In Child Protection Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presidential address—analysis of race as policy analysis

Myers

2002

J Policy Anal Manage

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The effects of sample selection bias on racial differences in child abuse reporting

Cited by 81 publications

References 7 publications

Usage of Heckman Sample Selection Model in Health Studies: An Application of Prostate Cancer Patients

Usage of Heckman Sample Selection Model in Health Studies: An Application of Prostate Cancer Patients

Educator’s Modes of Identifying and Coping with Pupil’s Exposure to Domestic Violence in Schools in East Jerusalem

Presidential address—analysis of race as policy analysis

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