The Effects of Running, Weightlifting and a Combination of Both on Growth Hormone Release

Craig, Bruce W.; Lucas, J.R.; Pohlman, Roberta L.; Stelling, Herbert

doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1991)005<0198:teorwa>2.3.co;2

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Our results demonstrate that combining strength training with endurance training does not attenuate improvements in maximal muscular strength. These results agree with previous researchers reporting no blunting of strength improvements following concurrent training in untrained volunteers (Craig et al 1991;Volpe et al 1993;McCarthy et al 1995;McCarthy et al 2002;Hakkinen et al 2003;Glowacki 2004). Our CB group demonstrated consistent improvements in 1-RM squat and bench press strength at weeks 7 and 12.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Attenuated increases in skeletal muscle crosssectional area and increased circulating cortisol concentrations compared to aerobic endurance or strength training alone have also been reported (Kraemer et al 1995;Bell et al 1997;Bell et al 2000;Putman et al 2004). In contrast, other investigators have reported no blunting of strength gains (Craig et al 1991;McCarthy et al 1995;McCarthy et al 2002;Hakkinen et al 2003;Glowacki 2004) or hypertrophy following concurrent training. Notably, 25 min of moderate-intensity running (75% predicted maximum heart rate) prior to resistance training had no negative effect on lower body strength measures following a 9-week periodized resistance training program in untrained women (Volpe et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

et al. 2010

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of aerobic endurance (E), strength (R), and combined endurance and strength (CB) training for improving performance of tactical occupational tasks and determine if combined training interferes with performance enhancements of E or R alone. A total of 56 recreationally active women were randomly placed into four groups: R (n = 18), E (n = 13), CB (n = 15), Control (n = 10). Subjects trained three non-consecutive days per week for 8 weeks. Performance was measured pre-, mid-, and post-training for bench press one-repetition maximum (1-RM), squat 1-RM, bench press throw and squat jump peak power, VO2peak, 3.2 km load carriage (LC), 3.2 km run (run), and repetitive lift and carry (RLC). R and E demonstrated improvements which were generally specific to their training. R improved squat (48.3%) and bench press 1-RM (23.8%), bench press throw (41.9%), RLC (31.3%), and LC (11.5%). E improved run (14.7%), VO2peak (6.2%), squat 1-RM (15.3%), LC (12.9%), and RLC (22.5%). CB improved squat (37.6%) and bench press 1-RM (20.9%), bench press throw (39.6%), VO2peak (7.6%), run (10.4%), LC (13.1%), and RLC (45.5%). Post-training 1-RM squat was greater in R and CB than E, while E completed the 3.2 km load carriage task faster than C. In conclusion, 8 weeks of combined training improved performance in all tactical occupational tasks measured and did not interfere with improvements in strength, power and endurance measures compared to R or E alone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

et al. 2010

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“…These observations provide additional support for the hypothesis that acute prior and/or concurrent endurance activity impairs the ability to develop isokinetic net joint torques during subsequent muscle actions (Abernethy 1993;Craig et al 1991). The combined group mean reductions in knee flexion PT of 22% and knee flexion RRT 15% observed in the present study broadly approximate to the scale of reductions in knee flexion PT and angle-specific torque (AST) reported by Gleeson et al (1998) and Mercer et al (1998) for groups of male soccer players completing running (@20%) and single-leg pedalling (@16%) PIHIE tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Influence of prolonged intermittent high-intensity exercise on knee flexor strength in male and female soccer players

2003

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This study investigated the effect of an acute, prolonged, intermittent, high-intensity single-leg pedalling exercise task (PIHIET) on the isokinetic leg strength of the knee flexors in six male and seven female collegiate soccer players. Following determination of single-leg VO(2peak), subjects completed a PIHIET designed to simulate the energetics of soccer match play (approximately 90 min in total; approximately 70% single-leg VO(2peak)). Pre-, mid- and post-PIHIET gravity-corrected indices of knee flexion peak torque (PT) and range of motion-relativised torque at 15% of knee flexion (RRT(15%); 0% = full knee extension) were assessed at a lever-arm angular velocity of 1.05 rad.s(-1)for intervention and control limbs using an isokinetic dynamometer. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant condition (PIHIET, control) x time (pre-, mid-, post-PIHIET) interactions for knee flexion PT (F([2,22])=26.2; P<0.001) and RRT(15%) (F([2,22])=20.1; P<0.001). Flexion PT and RRT(15% )were observed to decrease, pre- to post-intervention, from 92.8 (28.7) N.m to 72.1 (28.0) N.m and from 63.8 (17.5) N.m to 47.9 (18.4) N.m respectively, for the intervention limb alone. These data corresponded to 22.3% and 24.9% mean reductions pre-post intervention in PT and RRT(15%). Exploratory post hoc analysis of the pattern of the relative deterioration (%) of PT and RRT(15%), for the intervention limb alone, revealed a three-way interaction [group (male, female) x parameter (PT, RRT(15%)) x assessment phase (pre- to mid-PIHIET, mid- to post-PIHIET)] (F(1,11)=5.2; P<0.05). This interaction characterised a greater deterioration of strength performance during the mid- to post-PIHIET assessment phase, at the extremes of range of motion (RRT(15%)) for the female group. The greater percentage of mid-post phase strength loss observed in women near the end-range extension may potentially be implicated in the higher incidence of knee injury reported in female soccer players.

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“…However, results of subsequent research have been equivocal, with studies both supporting (Bell et al 2000;Craig et al 1991;Dudley and Djamil 1985;Hennessy and Watson 1994;Kraemer et al 1995) and questioning (Häkkinen et al 2003;Hunter et al 1987;McCarthy et al 1995McCarthy et al , 2002Sale et al 1990a) the universal nature of such interference. Several factors such as initial training status of the subjects, exercise mode, volume, intensity and frequency of training, scheduling of sessions, and dependent variable selection may influence the level of interference and explain the contradictory results of these studies (Docherty and Sporer 2000;Leveritt et al 1999;Sale et al 1990a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle

et al. 2009

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This study was undertaken to analyze changes in selected cardiovascular and neuromuscular variables in a group of elite kayakers across a 12-week periodized cycle of combined strength and endurance training. Eleven world-class level paddlers underwent a battery of tests and were assessed four times during the training cycle (T0, T1, T2, and T3). On each occasion subjects completed an incremental test to exhaustion on the kayak-ergometer to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), second ventilatory threshold (VT2), peak blood lactate, paddling speed at VO(2max) (PS(max)) and at VT2 (PS(VT2)), stroke rate at VO(2max) and at VT2, heart rate at VO(2max) and at VT2. One-repetition maximum (1RM) and mean velocity with 45% 1RM load (V (45%)) were assessed in the bench press (BP) and prone bench pull (PBP) exercises. Anthropometric measurements (skinfold thicknesses and muscle girths) were also obtained. Training volume and exercise intensity were quantified for each of three training phases (P1, P2, and P3). Significant improvements in VO(2max) (9.5%), VO(2) at VT2 (9.4%), PS(max) (6.2%), PS(VT2) (4.4%), 1RM in BP (4.2%) and PBP (5.3%), V (45%) in BP (14.4%) and PBP (10.0%) were observed from T0 to T3. A 12-week periodized strength and endurance program with special emphasis on prioritizing the sequential development of specific physical fitness components in each training phase (i.e. muscle hypertrophy and VT2 in P1, and maximal strength and aerobic power in P2) seems effective for improving both cardiovascular and neuromuscular markers of highly trained top-level athletes.

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The Effects of Running, Weightlifting and a Combination of Both on Growth Hormone Release

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

Combined resistance and endurance training improves physical capacity and performance on tactical occupational tasks

Influence of prolonged intermittent high-intensity exercise on knee flexor strength in male and female soccer players

Endurance and neuromuscular changes in world-class level kayakers during a periodized training cycle

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