The effects of rM-CSF and rIL-6 therapy on immunosuppressed antiorthostatically suspended mice

Armstrong, Jason W.; Kirby-Dobbels, K.; Chapes, Stephen K.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.3.968

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been shown that AHCC increases natural killer cell activity (25), , and nitric oxide production (28). Additional studies have shown that cytokine therapy reverses the immunosuppression seen in the hindlimb-unloading model (2,3). Although other factors such as stress hormones and other molecules released during the hindlimb-unloading period may affect the outcome of infection, it seems clear that, in our model of intraperitoneal inoculation of bacteria, innate immunity plays a critical role in resistance to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Avilés¹,

Belay²,

Vance³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions. J Appl Physiol 97: 1437-1444. First published June 11, 2004 10.1152 10. /japplphysiol.00259.2004 unloading is a ground-based model that simulates some of the aspects of spaceflight conditions, including lack of load bearing on hindlimbs and a fluid shift to the head. It has been shown that treatment with active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) restores resistance to infection in mice maintained under hindlimb-unloading conditions. The present study was designed to clarify the mechanisms by which AHCC enhances resistance to infection in this model. We hypothesized that oral administration of AHCC will enhance the function of the immune system, which could lead to the increased resistance to infection observed in this model. AHCC or the excipient was orally administered to mice, and the function of the immune system was assessed in spleen and peritoneal cells isolated from those groups. The results of the present study showed that administration of AHCC for 1 wk before and throughout the second day of the hindlimb-unloading period enhanced the function of the immune system assessed by spleen cell proliferation and cytokine production in spleens and nitric oxide and cytokine production in peritoneal cells. These findings suggest that AHCC can be used as a potent immunoenhancer, especially in cases in which the immune system is suppressed by any condition, including diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer.antiorthostatic; suspension; stress; mitogens; natural supplement; rodents ONE OF THE MAJOR LIMITATIONS to studying human physiology during and after spaceflight has been the relative infrequency of opportunities and the cost of spaceflight missions. As a result, research in this area has been conducted by using ground-based models (1). Hindlimb unloading of rodents is a ground-based model that has been used successfully to reproduce many of the effects of spaceflight on the physiology of the host (1). Exposure to hindlimb-unloading conditions induces muscle and bone loss and a fluid shift to the head, which are similar to changes induced in that area by spaceflight (20,(33)(34)(35)(36). The immune system is one of the important regulatory mechanisms affected by spaceflight (15, 23, 26, 40 -44, 46) and has been shown to be dramatically affected in groundbased models (14,24,29,30,45).Numerous substances have been used to revitalize the immune response of hosts with impaired function of the immune system (21, 27). Many of them are natural compounds that have proven to be nontoxic for humans and with great potential for anticancer activity (9, 31, 39, 48). Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC), an extract prepared from cocultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms, has received special attention in the past few years (21). AHCC is commercially used as a nutritional supplement and contain a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, and mine...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active hexose correlated compound enhances the immune function of mice in the hindlimb-unloading model of spaceflight conditions

Avilés¹,

Belay²,

Vance³

et al. 2004

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hindlimb unloading model has been adapted for use on mice to study the metabolic and immune responses of mice to antiorthostasis (3,4,8,40), as well as the musculoskeletal responses to unloading (36)(37)(38). With the increasing availability of transgenic and mutant strains of mice, the hindlimb unloading model is now being used to unravel molecular mechanisms that mediate responses to hindlimb unloading and antiorthostasis (10,24,28,44).…”

Section: Extension Of the System To Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Hindlimb unloading rodent model: technical aspects

Morey-Holton

Globus

2002

Journal of Applied Physiology

797

638

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since its inception at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center in the mid-1970s, many laboratories around the world have used the rat hindlimb unloading model to simulate weightlessness and to study various aspects of musculoskeletal loading. In this model, the hindlimbs of rodents are elevated to produce a 30° head-down tilt, which results in a cephalad fluid shift and avoids weightbearing by the hindquarters. Although several reviews have described scientific results obtained with this model, this is the first review to focus on the technical aspects of hindlimb unloading. This review includes a history of the technique, a brief comparison with spaceflight data, technical details, extension of the model to mice, and other important technical considerations (e.g., housing, room temperature, unloading angle, the potential need for multiple control groups, age, body weight, the use of the forelimb tissues as internal controls, and when to remove animals from experiments). This paper is intended as a reference for researchers, reviewers of manuscripts, and institutional animal care and use committees. Over 800 references, related to the hindlimb unloading model, can be accessed via the electronic version of this article.

show abstract

“…There were also increases in the number of CD34 + cells in the bone marrow of mice assessed after the flight of STS-108 (Pecaut et al, 2003). Skeletal unloading, using antiorthostatic suspension, simulates some of the physiological changes associated with space flight (Chapes et al, 1993; Morey-Holton and Globus, 1998, 2002) also diminishes the number of macrophage progenitor cells in the bone marrow and affects hematopoiesis (Armstrong et al, 1993, 1994, 1995a; Dunn et al, 1983, 1985; Sonnenfeld et al, 1992). Therefore, there are important health issues that might arise from space flight impacts on hematopoiesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%