The Effects of Risk-Promoting Media on Inclinations Toward Risk Taking

Fischer, Peter; Guter, Stephanie; Frey, Dieter

doi:10.1080/01973530802375029

Cited by 33 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Seventy-seven percent of respondents reported playing racing games regularly, and there was a positive correlation between the intensity of racing game consumption and underage driving offenses. Moreover, in in-depth interviews, young males who were involved in illegal street racing reported that video racing games played a significant role in their personal development of attitudes and norms concerning risky driving behavior (i.e., driving-related socialization; Kubitzki, 2004 (Fischer, Guter, & Frey, 2008) found that the effects of game playing on risky behavior extended beyond the driving domain, for example, by increasing risky financial decision making. In contrast, unpublished research by Vorderer and Klimmt (2006) found only a hint of an effect under specific circumstances of racing games on simulated driving behavior and thus concluded that racing games do not detrimentally affect risk taking.…”

Section: Previous Research On Video-racing Games and Risk Takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?

Fischer

Greitemeyer

Morton

et al. 2009

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

Self Cite

101

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The present studies investigated why video racing games increase players' risk-taking inclinations. Four studies reveal that playing video racing games increases risk taking in a subsequent simulated road traffic situation, as well as risk-promoting cognitions and emotions, blood pressure, sensation seeking, and attitudes toward reckless driving. Study 1 ruled out the role of experimental demand in creating such effects. Studies 2 and 3 showed that the effect of playing video racing games on risk taking was partially mediated by changes in selfperceptions as a reckless driver. These effects were evident only when the individual played racing games that reward traffic violations rather than racing games that do not reward traffic violations (Study 3) and when the individual was an active player of such games rather than a passive observer (Study 4). In sum, the results underline the potential negative impact of racing games on traffic safety.at LMU Muenchen on June 16, 2013 psp.sagepub.com Downloaded from PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETINOver the past few years virtual driving and racing games have emerged as one of the top-selling products in the video and computer game industry. However, compared to first-person-shooter games (in which players partake in massive virtual killing sprees; Gentile & Gentile, 2008), very little psychological research has been dedicated to the impact of street-racing games on risktaking inclinations and risk perception in road traffic (Fischer, Kubitzki, Guter, & Frey, 2007;Kubitzki, 2005Kubitzki, , 2006. This is surprising given that these photo-realistic games often depict, and even reward, harmful, risky, and aggressive road traffic behaviors from a first-person perspective. Players typically drive at high speed through urban environments, crashing into other drivers, performing reckless overtaking maneuvers, intentionally killing pedestrians by driving over them, and destroying other cars by bumping into them (see the content of racing games such as Burnout, Need for Speed, or Grand Theft Auto). Preliminary evidence (Fischer et al., 2007) suggests that these types of games may promote risktaking inclinations similar to how first-person-shooter games promote aggressive inclinations and behaviors (e.g., Anderson et al., 2004). The aim of the present research was to further explore this possibility, with a focus on clarifying the psychological processes underlying the effect of racing games on risk taking. Video Game Research and Psychological ProcessesVideo game research has been predominantly carried out within the first-person-shooter genre. This line of research consistently shows that playing firstperson-shooter games significantly increases aggressive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors (Anderson & Bushman, 2001Anderson & Dill, 2000;Anderson et al., 2004;. For example, participants who played violent video games (compared to those who played nonviolent video games) administered increased levels of noise blasts and electric shocks to other people (Anderson & Dill, 2000...

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Section: Previous Research On Video-racing Games and Risk Takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?

Fischer

Greitemeyer

Morton

et al. 2009

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

Self Cite

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fischer et al (2007Fischer et al ( , 2008 have expressed the need for longitudinal research in examining the impact of media on risk taking in traffic. Although the previously mentioned studies have indicated that there is a cause for concern since there appears to be a relationship between risk stimulating media such as racing games and drive'em up games and risky driving cognitions, attitudes, intentions and inclinations, these studies have only dealt with short-term effects (Beullens et al, 2008;Fischer et al, 2007Fischer et al, , 2008. However from a prevention point of view it is important to know whether these effects persist for longer periods of time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent gamer, excellent driver? The impact of adolescents’ video game playing on driving behavior: A two-wave panel study

Beullens

Roe

Bulck

2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Entre los estudios que sí encontraron un efecto principal del contenido violento sobre la respuesta agresiva (Anderson y Carnagey, 2009;Arriaga et al, 2006;Beullens, Roe y van den Bulck, 2008;Fischer et al, 2008), se plantea la existencia de las variables moduladoras de tal efecto (Anderson et al, 2010). En el presente estudio se encontró un efecto modulador de la edad y el sexo en las puntuaciones en el test tras exponerse al videojuego violento.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dicho instrumento se fundamentaba a partir de los paradigmas de elección de opciones agresivas o no agresivas (Fischer, Guter y Frey, 2008;Fischer et al, 2007;Giumetti y Markey, 2007). El test de conducir contenía 20 ítems con cuatro alternativas de respuesta, desarrollados a partir de los exámenes para la consecución del permiso de conducción, válido en el estado español (Dirección General de Tráfico, DGT, 2012).…”

Section: Instrumentalunclassified

“…En el modelo se postula que la exposición a videojuegos violentos puede producir una facilitación de la agresión conductual (Berkowitz, 1984). Después de la exposición, se mantiene la activación y la tendencia a responder de forma agresiva transitoriamente, gracias al proceso de priming (Fischer, Guter y Frey, 2008;Giumetti y Markey, 2007;Huesmann, 2007;Huesmann y Taylor, 2006;Hummer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Factores moduladores de la respuesta agresiva en la exposición a videojuegos violentos

Torre‐Luque

Aguayo

2013

analesps

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Resumen: En ciertas situaciones se ha asociado la influencia de los videojuegos violentos con las conductas agresivas y/o delictivas. El presente estudio pretende destacar un efecto de la exposición a un videojuego violento de coches sobre la elicitación a corto plazo, en las respuestas de agresión e ira tras la exposición. Para ello, 47 adolescentes fueron expuestos al videojuego violento y a uno no violento durante 30 minutos. Se midieron ansiedad e ira autoinformadas pre-postest, así como la ejecución en una tarea indirecta de agresión. Se halló un efecto principal de la edad y de interacción de ésta con el tipo de videojuego y el sexo. Asimismo, se halló un efecto pre-postest en ira estado tras la exposición al videojuego violento. Por otro lado, se encontró un modelo predictor para la ejecución de la respuesta agresiva tras la presentación del videojuego violento con la edad e ira preexposición como factores. En conclusión, se destaca un efecto de priming de la ira a corto plazo y la edad tras la exposición al videojuego violento, en la respuesta agresiva. La presencia de moduladores de los efectos de contenidos violentos puede esclarecer su naturaleza y ayudar a predecir conductas delictivas. Palabras clave: Ira; agresión indirecta; videojuegos violentos; adolescentes; modelo general de la agresión; edad; priming.Title: Modulating factors of the aggressive response after the exposure to violent video games. Abstract: The influence of violent video games has been associated with aggressive and/or criminal behaviours in several situations. The present research pretends to emphasize an effect of the exposure to a violent car video game on the activation of aggressive response and post-exposure anger levels. For this, a sample of 47 adolescent people was selected and exposed to a violent video game and a non violent one during 30 minutes. Selfreported anxiety and anger levels were measured before and after the video game exposures, moreover the performance in an indirect task of aggression. A main effect of the age and interaction of this with sex, and the kind of video game were found in the aggressive task. Likewise, a pre-postest effect on state anger levels was observed. On the other hand, a predictor model of the aggressive response elicitation was found with the age and pre-exposure anger as factors. In conclusion, it is outstanding the short term priming effect of violent video games on the aggressive behaviour after violent video game exposure. The existence of modulating factors on the effects of violent contents could clarify their features and help to predict criminal behaviours.

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The Effects of Risk-Promoting Media on Inclinations Toward Risk Taking

Cited by 33 publications

References 42 publications

The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?

The Racing-Game Effect: Why Do Video Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking Inclinations?

Excellent gamer, excellent driver? The impact of adolescents’ video game playing on driving behavior: A two-wave panel study

Factores moduladores de la respuesta agresiva en la exposición a videojuegos violentos

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