The effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory mechanics and energy cost

Held, Heather E.; Pendergast, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2014.05.002

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In order to identify the stimulus, we devised five training groups that differed from one another in regard to the magnitude and direction of the lung volumes and/or intrathoracic pressures generated by the subject in the course of training. Individuals in Group 1 served as the positive control and performed standard IMT (Griffiths and Mcconnell, 2007;Held and Pendergast, 2014;Kellerman et al, 2000;Sapienza et al, 2011;Tzelepis et al, 1994;Volianitis et al, 2001;Weiner et al, 2003) to verify the effects of training on respiratory strength and to assess its secondary effect on blood pressure in healthy adults. Individuals in Group 2 trained with large positive intrathoracic pressures and large lung volumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Vranish

Bailey

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Vranish

Bailey

2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…It should be noted however that the values of resistance during submersion and at depth previous reported using the interrupter techniques [7,31] and the POB in the present study are higher than similar values calculated from esophageal measurements [7,34,35]. One explanation for the high resistances reported previously [7,31] is that the measurements were made at the start of the breathing and not during the peak flow as done in previous studies using the esophageal pressure technique; however, in this study, measurements were made throughout the breath, so this explanation most likely does not account for the differences. Alternatively, the higher P A measured with the interrupter technique may be closer to the true P A .…”

Section: P a And Pobmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Previous studies have shown that increasing both inspiratory and expiratory muscle force (pressure) by resistance respiratory muscle training reduces the WOB [5,31] and the energy cost of ventilation (Stimson, Held), as well as increasing exercise endurance [1,2,3,6]. The major factor for the reduced POB is that after respiratory muscle training there is a reduction in V̇E and increased V T , and lower b f , especially during sustained exercise where respiratory muscle fatigue resulted in a reduction in V T and a compensatory increase in b f [1,2,3,6,31].…”

Section: P a And Pobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rest and exercise work of breathing calculated from alveolar pressure-volume loops, submersed and at depth

Pendergast¹,

Wach²,

Held³

2017

Lung Breath J

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Exercise capacity is decreased in submersion and depth. A possible explanation for this is an increase in the work of breathing (WOB) due to increased effort to move the chest, increased breathing resistance, and increased gas density. WOB has been measured by the esophageal balloon technique, although this method does not measure alveolar pressure. One purpose of the present study was to test a modification of the P .1 interrupter technique that measures alveolar pressure (P A ) based on mouth pressure after a rapid interruption of flow by insertion of a wedge in the air supply as an alternative method of quantifying WOB and WOB per minute (POB) in the diving environment. A second purpose was to use this method to determine WOB submersed and at pressure. It was hypothesized that both submersion and depth would increase the WOB and POB. P A -volume loops were generated based on the P .1 method and WOB and POB calculated for both rest and exercise in 10 healthy male subjects during submersion and at depth. These results were compared to control conditions. Ventilation was increased in submersion, but was not significantly affected by depth. POB was found to be significantly increased in submersion, and further increased as a function of depth. The increased POB in these conditions were observed both at rest and during exercise, both during inspiration and expiration. The POB determined by the P .1 interrupter technique confirmed previous studies that used the esophageal balloon technique, with accurate determination of alveolar pressure and pressure-volume loops.

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“…During inspiration usually right ventricular stroke volume is increased while the left ventricular stroke volume is decreased. In recent years, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programs have been developed, mainly in COPD [1,2] though inspiratory muscle dysfunction can also be observed in non-pulmonary diseases like chronic heart (failure) CHF [3]. It could be demonstrated, that in COPD, IMT improves the strength of inspiratory muscles, endurance, functional capacity, dyspnea and quality of life [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure,Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Arterial Saturation Derived Oxygen Cost of Breathing

Stieglitz¹,

Matthes²,

Priegnitz³

et al. 2017

Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis

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Respiration and respiratory maneuvers affect cardiac output. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) increases the negative thoracic pressure, which could have an impact on intra-thoracic hemodynamics and thereby influence the cardiac output (CO). The objective of our study was to determine changes in pulmonary arterial (PA) hemodynamics and the CO during IMT in patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension. A new method for measuring the oxygen cost of breathing during IMT was also developed. 22 patients were included in this prospective study. They performed IMT during right heart catheterization. Mixed-venous blood gas analysis was performed before and at the end of IMT to calculate the oxygen cost of breathing. The baseline PA pressure was systolic/diastolic/mean (s/d/m) 41 ± 20/13 ± 20/25 ± 11 mmHg. The CO was 5.3 ± 1.5 l/min. The IMT was set to 2.3 ± 0.6 kPa (23.7 ± 5.7 cmH 2 O). The PA pressure at the end of IMT was s/d/m 44/10/22 mmHg s/d/m. Though there was a trend towards a lower diastolic pressure, this change was not statistically significant (p=0.06). CO (6.2 ± 1.1 l/min) did not change due to IMT. The mixed-venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation was 71.8 ± 2.3% before IMT, with a significant reduction to 65.8 ± 5.9% (p=0.027) at the end of IMT. IMT as performed in our study neither changed the mean PA pressure nor the CO. Measuring the oxygen cost of breathing is feasible by the method described in our paper.

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The effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory mechanics and energy cost

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Daily respiratory training with large intrathoracic pressures, but not large lung volumes, lowers blood pressure in normotensive adults

Rest and exercise work of breathing calculated from alveolar pressure-volume loops, submersed and at depth

Acute Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure,Cardiac Output and Pulmonary Arterial Saturation Derived Oxygen Cost of Breathing

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