The Effects of Resource Enrichment on the Diversity of Plants and Arthropods in a Shortgrass Prairie

Kirchner, Thomas B.

doi:10.2307/1935085

Cited by 100 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Herbivore and detritivore biomass also increased in some fertilised blocks, but this effect was weak and variable (Table 2), consistent with a related study that showed smaller individuals dominate the response to nutrient enrichment (Gruner, 2004b). Responses of community species richness or diversity in other studies have been more variable and equivocal than abundances (Hurd & Wolf, 1974;Kirchner, 1977;Sedlacek et al, 1988;Haddad et al, 2000). Discrepancies in the qualitative responses of diversity across systems may be biologically based and system specific, or might vary according to differences in spatial scale (Whittaker & Heegaard, 2003), trophic or taxonomic focus (Haddad et al, 2000), diversity metric or standardisations employed (McCabe & Gotelli, 2000), or experimental time frame (Haddad et al, 2000).…”

Section: Community Responses To Fertilisationsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Gruner

Taylor

Forkner

2005

Ecological Entomology

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Abstract. 1. Nutrient resource availability and host-plant foliar pubescence both influence arthropod food webs, but multifactor studies are needed to understand their interdependence and relative importance. Arthropods were sampled by clipping foliage from Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae) trees of pubescent, glabrous, and intermediate leaf forms on fertilised and unfertilised plots.2. Fertilisation decreased leaf mass per area (LMA) but did not change the relative mass of pubescence within leaf morphological classes.3. Fertilisation increased densities of individuals in four taxonomic orders, densities of individuals and species of all trophic levels, and the biomass of Collembola and Homoptera. Herbivore relative diversity (Shannon H 0 ) also increased with fertilisation, but detritivore diversity declined due to increasing dominance of Salina celebensis (Schaeffer) (Collembola).4. Detritivore density, driven again by S. celebensis, increased with decreasing leaf pubescence, but Heteroptera and Acari were most abundant on the intermediate pubescence class, and Psocoptera density and biomass increased with increasing pubescence. Trophic-level species density did not change with leaf morphological class, but relative diversity of all arthropods and of detritivores increased with increasing pubescence.5. Both resource availability and leaf pubescence affected Metrosideros arthropod communities. However, the pervasive positive influence of fertilisation did not translate to compositional shifts, and there were no interactions with leaf morphological class. In contrast, the effects of leaf pubescence on arthropod density, biomass, and diversity were more restricted taxonomically, and nonparametric MANOVA and redundancy analyses demonstrated significant differentiation in community composition on the pubescent morphology.

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Section: Community Responses To Fertilisationsupporting

confidence: 85%

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Gruner

Taylor

Forkner

2005

Ecological Entomology

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“…However, the estimates of species richness from individual-based rarefaction did not increase with fertilization for any trophic group. Numerous studies have examined the diversity of herbivorous or other arthropods in response to fertilization, but generalizations have been elusive (e.g., Hurd and Wolf 1974;Kirchner 1977;Kajak 1981;Vince et al 1981;Prestidge 1982;Strauss 1987;Sedlacek et al 1988;Siemann 1998;Haddad et al 2000). However, several of these studies observed higher abundance of sap-sucking Auchenorryncha and other herbivorous groups, but decreasing evenness and diversity as a small number of species emerged as dominant (Prestidge 1982;Sedlacek et al 1988;Haddad et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Richness and species composition of arboreal arthropods affected by nutrients and predators: a press experiment

Gruner

Taylor

2006

Oecologia

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A longstanding goal for ecologists is to understand the processes that maintain biological diversity in communities, yet few studies have investigated the combined effects of predators and resources on biodiversity in natural ecosystems. We fertilized nutrient limited plots and excluded insectivorous birds in a randomized block design, and examined the impacts on arthropods associated with the dominant tree in the Hawaiian Islands, Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae). After 33 months, the species load (per foliage mass) of herbivores and carnivores increased with fertilization, but rarified richness (standardized to abundance) did not change. Fertilization depressed species richness of arboreal detritivores, and carnivore richness dropped in caged, unfertilized plots, both because of the increased dominance of common, introduced species with treatments. Herbivore species abundance distributions were more equitable than other trophic levels following treatments, and fertilization added specialized native species without changing relativized species richness. Overall, bird removal and nutrient addition treatments on arthropod richness acted largely independently, but with countervailing influences that obscured distinct top-down and bottom-up effects on different trophic levels. This study demonstrates that species composition, biological invasions, and the individuality of species traits may complicate efforts to predict the interactive effects of resources and predation on species diversity in food webs.

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“…In grassland ecosystems, most short-term N fertilization studies showed that higher N input increased species richness and abundance of insects (Hurd et al, 1971;Hurd & Wolf, 1974;Kirchner, 1977;Sedlacek et al, 1988;Siemann, 1998). However, Prestidge …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen application on beetle communities in tea plantations

Chen¹,

Wei²,

Zeng³

et al. 2009

Insect Science

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In contrast to grassland and forest ecosystems, little is known about insect response to nitrogen deposition in agricultural ecosystems. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of short-term (1-2 years) nitrogen application (0, 172.5, 345.0, 690.0, and 1035.0 kg·N ha -1 ·y -1 ) on beetle communities in tea plantations. A collection of 34 families, 89 species of beetles, was obtained from a tea plantation in Wuyishan, China. Among them, herbivores, predators and detritivores had 52, 29, and eight species, respectively. Species richness, effective diversity and abundance (measured as the number of individuals and insect biomass) of the beetle community were not significantly related to the rate of nitrogen application. However, nitrogen application changed the species distribution and weakly increased the evenness of species distribution, while this did not significantly change the species evenness. Species richness and abundance of herbivores and predators were not significantly related to the rate of nitrogen application. However, there were some variations in trophic responses to nitrogen. Species richness and abundance of detritivores increased with increasing nitrogen application.

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The Effects of Resource Enrichment on the Diversity of Plants and Arthropods in a Shortgrass Prairie

Cited by 100 publications

References 35 publications

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

The effects of foliar pubescence and nutrient enrichment on arthropod communities ofMetrosideros polymorpha(Myrtaceae)

Richness and species composition of arboreal arthropods affected by nutrients and predators: a press experiment

Effects of nitrogen application on beetle communities in tea plantations

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