The Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercises on Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Adolescent Boys with Obesity

Yetgin, Meral Küçük; Agopyan, Anı; Küçükler, Ferit Kerim; Gedikbaşı, Asuman; Yetgin, Soner; Kayapinar, Fatma Çelik; Özbar, Nurper; Biçer, Bilal; Cotuk, Hasan Birol

doi:10.4274/imj.galenos.2020.55938

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Finally, the following 103 articles were selected: [ 24 – 34 , 44 – 135 ] after the evaluation of the full texts, 78 were excluded for the following reasons: (1) the design of the studies did not meet the inclusion criteria defined for this review [ 44 – 46 , 48 – 53 , 55 – 57 , 59 – 61 , 65 , 66 , 68 – 73 , 79 , 81 , 84 , 86 , 88 – 91 , 97 , 100 – 104 , 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 – 117 , 119 – 122 , 124 – 132 , 134 , 135 ] (2) the studies did not present an evaluation of whole body FFM/LBM, these were [ 47 , 54 , 58 , 62 – 64 , 67 , 74 – 78 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 85 , 92 – 96 , 105 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 123 ] and (3) another language [ 87 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. Methods The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database’s respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. Results Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, − 0.62 to − 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). Conclusions Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children’s glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Of the 1495 articles screened after duplicates were removed, 55 met our inclusion criteria (eTable 1 in Supplement 1). Figure 1 illustrates the identification, screening, and inclusion process. The Cohen κ statistic for interrater reliability was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.96).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies were RCTs, but 8 were RCTs with no control group . Although most studies included both boys and girls in their samples, 11 studies included only boys and 9 included only girls . The definition of overweight and obesity was mostly based on age and sex-specific BMI cut points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight

García-Hermoso,

López-Gil,

Izquierdo

et al. 2023

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceAlthough benefits have been reported for most exercise modalities, the most effective exercise approaches for reducing insulin resistance in children and adolescents with excess weight and the optimal exercise dose remain unknown.ObjectiveTo compare exercise training modalities and their association with changes in insulin resistance markers among children and adolescents with excess weight and to establish the optimal exercise dose.Data SourcesFor this systematic review and network meta-analysis, 6 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for studies from inception to April 1, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (ie, randomized controlled trials and randomized trials without a control group) were included if they reported outcomes associated with aerobic training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or a combination of these interventions.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction for this systematic review was conducted following a network meta-analysis extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Effect sizes were calculated as the mean difference (MD) with 95% CI using random-effects inverse-variance models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method. The hierarchy of competing interventions was defined using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, version 2 (RoB2), was used to independently assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The certainty of evidence in consistent networks was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The study protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. Data analyses were conducted between May and June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsThis analysis included 55 studies with a total of 3051 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [2.3] years; 1537 girls [50.4%] and 1514 boys [49.6%]). Exercise was associated with reductions in fasting insulin (MD, −4.38 μU/mL [95% CI, −5.94 to −2.82 μU/mL]) and HOMA-IR (MD, –0.87 [95% CI, –1.20 to –0.53]). A nonlinear association in both markers was observed, with a required minimal exercise dosage of approximately 900 to 1200 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week, especially in children and adolescents with insulin resistance at baseline. Combination HIIT and resistance training and concurrent training were the most effective approaches for reducing insulin resistance markers. On average, the certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings underscore the role of exercise interventions in enhancing insulin resistance markers among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. It is advisable to include resistance exercises alongside aerobic and HIIT programs for a minimum of two to three 60-minute sessions per week.

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“…A comparison of adiponectin levels in adolescent boys with obesity who underwent aerobic or resistance exercise training, it was seen that adiponectin levels increased only in those who underwent aerobic exercise. 41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the effects of retro and forward walking on serum adiponectin levels in obese young adults

Alkhathami

Soman

Chandy

et al. 2023

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences

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The Effects of Resistance and Aerobic Exercises on Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance, Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Adolescent Boys with Obesity

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight

Comparing the effects of retro and forward walking on serum adiponectin levels in obese young adults

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