The Effects of Remineralization via Fluoride Versus Low-Level Laser IR810 and Fluoride Agents on the Mineralization and Microhardness of Bovine Dental Enamel

Abstract

Abstract:The objective of this study was to assess the mineralization and microhardness of bovine dental enamel surfaces treated with fluoride, tri-calcium phosphate, and infrared (IR) 810 laser irradiation. The study used 210 bovine incisors, which were divided into six groups (n = 35 in each): Group A: Untreated (control), Group B: Fluoride (Durapath-Colgate), Group C: Fluoride+Tri-calcium phosphate (Clin-Pro White-3 M), Group D: Laser IR 810 (Quantum), Group E: Fluoride+laser, and Group F: Fluoride+tri-calcium phosphate+laser). Mineralization was measured via UV-Vis spectroscopy for phosphorus and via atomic absorption spectroscopy for calcium upon demineralization and remineralization with proven agents. Microhardness (SMH) was measured after enamel remineralization. Mineral loss data showed differences between the groups before and after the mineralizing agents were placed (p < 0.05). Fluoride presented the highest remineralization tendency for both calcium and phosphate, with a Vickers microhardness of 329.8 HV0.1/11 (p < 0.05). It was observed that, if remineralization solution contained fewer minerals, the microhardness surface values were higher (r = −0.268 and −0.208; p < 0.05). This study shows that fluoride has a remineralizing effect compared with calcium triphosphate and laser IR810. This in vitro study imitated the application of different remineralizing agents and showed which one was the most efficient for treating non-cavitated injuries. This can prevent the progression of lesions in patients with white spot lesions.

Effect of Er: Cr: YSGG Laser on the Remineralizing Potential of Self- Assembly Peptides in Incipient Carious Lesions (In Vitro Study)

“…SMH testing allows for repeated measurements of the same specimen over time and assesses the material's resistance to plastic deformation from a standard source. 27,31,32,36 The findings indicated that all three treatment regimens significantly promoted the remineralization of enamel lesions and increased enamel microhardness compared to artificial saliva. Thus, the null hypothesis has to be rejected.…”

“…Second, it allows precise measurements for the surface micro-hardness testing. 31,32 In order to study the efficacy of selfassembly peptides, laser and their combinations on the remineralization of incipient carious enamel lesions pH cycling module was selected. Several pH cycling modules were presented in literature.…”

“…It forms a 3D bioactive scaffold in the subsurface of initial enamel carious lesion by monomeric diffusion through the pores of demineralized enamel. [6][7][8] It is capable of triggering the nucleation of de novo hydroxyapatite inducing mineral deposition in situ, self-assembling to fibers within the first 24 hours. The formation of nonprismatic hydroxyl apatite crystals results in an increase of surface micro hardness of enamel surface.…”

“…10 Hydroxyl apatite nucleate in the p11-4 selfassembly peptide scaffold, which diffuses into the body of the caries lesion to promote remineralization. 6,11 Despite the introduction of different products, literature was concerned with different surface pre-treatments claimed to enhance remineralization in conjunction with the products available. 12 Among those surface pre-treatments was the use of lasers which was claimed to cause crystalline changes in enamel.…”

Effect of sodium fluoride plus tricalcium phosphate with and without CO2 laser on remineralization of white spot lesions

“…Group 1 :The demineralized enamel surface was treated with a thin layer of 3M™ Vanish™ according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The tooth was rinsed and dried, and the material was applied to the tooth surface and left for 1 min [ 19 ].…”