The effects of reaction conditions on porous chelating polymers designed for the decontamination of nuclear waste

Kaczvinsky, J. R.; Fritz, James S.; Walker, D.D.; Ebra, M. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02037211

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…A primary focus of remediation is the removal of low concentrations (micromolar to millimolar) of soluble radionuclides, such as 137 Cs and 90 Sr, from alkaline supernates which are highly concentrated salt solutions (molar) containing primarily sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ), sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (Ebra et al, 1982;Kaczvinsky et al, 1985Kaczvinsky et al, , 1987Bibler et al, 1990). Selective removal of these radionuclides is important for significantly reducing the volume of the borosilicate glass in which the radionuclides are immobilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Carousel Ion-Exchange Process for Removal of Cesium-137 from Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Ernest

Bibler

Whitley

et al. 1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A systematic model-based approach is used for development of an efficient carousel ion-exchange process for the selective removal of radioactive 137Cs+ from alkaline nuclear waste solutions. Equilibrium data for two resorcinol−formaldehyde (R−F) cation-exchange resins are correlated by an empirical equation of the Freundlich−Langmuir type over cesium/sodium concentration ratios of 10-9 to 10-2 and sodium concentrations of 1 to 6 N. The standard deviations are 3.5 and 6.6%, respectively. The data cannot be accurately described by mass action equations. A detailed rate model, developed in this study for the periodic countercurrent multicolumn operation of carousel systems, is used with the equilibrium correlations to simulate cesium breakthrough curves from R−F resin columns. Results show that accuracy of the predicted breakthrough curves are directly related to the accuracy of the isotherm data and correlations. Cesium breakthrough position is generally predicted to within 5% or less for 10 of 13 runs over linear superficial velocities of 0.16 to 8.8 cm/min, column lengths of 3.14 to 118.5 cm, and particle radii of 145 to 200 μm. One run shows later breakthrough than predicted as a result of a low potassium concentration in the feed. Two other runs show early breakthroughs as a result of channeling in poorly packed columns of a carousel system. Despite the channeling, strong thermodynamic self-sharpening effects helped establish constant pattern waves in the downstream columns. A case study for a pilot-scale carousel unit shows that 100% utilization of cesium capacity and maximum throughput can be achieved while containing the mass transfer zone within the downstream columns. Since intraparticle diffusion controls spreading of the breakthrough curves, reducing the particle radius from 200 to 145 μm increases throughput by 40%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Carousel Ion-Exchange Process for Removal of Cesium-137 from Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Ernest

Bibler

Whitley

et al. 1997

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Phenolic resins have been thoroughly studied and the effect of numbers of synthesis variables on the Cs ϩ affinity of those resins has been studied: phenolic compounds, temperature reaction, ratio of reactant, and choice of catalyst (6,7,10). The high selectivity toward Cs ϩ was explained by hydration energy of the different alkali metal ions (11), but this could not explain the difference of selectivity towards Cs ϩ between different substituted phenol (7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the yield and composition of crosslinked phenol-formaldehyde resins are strongly influenced by the polymerization reaction conditions, such as the ratio of the formaldehyde to phenol monomer, pH, and reaction temperature (10). Conversely, it can be polymerized with formaldehyde with formic acid.…”

Section: Influence Of Type Of Catalysis On Ionoselectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Ion-Exchange Resins Selective of Caesium. Synergistic Effect of Macrocycle in Phenolic Resins

Favre‐Réguillon

Dunjic

Dumont

et al. 2001

Separation Science and Technology

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The extraction of caesium by resorcinol based resins was investigated. At high hydroxide concentration ([OH Ϫ ] ϭ 0.15 M), the alkali-metal cations' sorption selectivity (determined in competitive extraction system) for resorcinol resins was found to be Cs ϩ Ͼ Li ϩ Ͼ Rb ϩ Ͼ K ϩ Ͼ Na ϩ , whereas at pH 7 this selectivity was found to be Cs ϩ Ͼ Rb ϩ Ͼ K ϩ ϾϾ Na ϩ Ϸ Li ϩ . Different mechanisms of ion exchange occurring in these phenolic resins can explain this selectivity series. Then different macrocycles were incorporated in the resins. The ionoselective properties of these new ion-exchange resins are strongly influenced by the nature of the crosslinker. The presence of macrocycles lead to an improvement of selectivity towards caesium in relation with the size of the macrocycles introduced.

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“…We have recently reported the results of our detailed investigations on the uptake of Cs"^ by such resins [1]. Studies on the preparation and properties of Sr^"^-selective phenolic resins, particularly those incorporating iminodiacetic acid as a pendant chelating functional group, have also been reported in the literature [2][3][4]. The present communication deals with the Sr^ uptake behaviour of synthetic polymers prepared from monomers containing phenolic -OH groups in ortho Position.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Phenolic Resins for the Selective Removal of Radiostrontium

Samanta¹,

Ramaswamy²,

Misra

1992

Radiochimica Acta

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Catechol, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid as well as their admixtures with resorcinol were converted into Polymerie resins by alkaline polycondensation with formaldehyde. The resins were characterized by determining their moisture regain, ion exchange capacity and distribution coefficient (/fj) for Strontium. The selective uptake of Strontium from solutions containing various amounts of sodium, Strontium and sodium hydroxide was investigated. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis of the polymer samples were studied. The studies also included the effects of gamma Irradiation on the various characteristics of these resins.

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The effects of reaction conditions on porous chelating polymers designed for the decontamination of nuclear waste

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Development of a Carousel Ion-Exchange Process for Removal of Cesium-137 from Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Development of a Carousel Ion-Exchange Process for Removal of Cesium-137 from Alkaline Nuclear Waste

Design of Ion-Exchange Resins Selective of Caesium. Synergistic Effect of Macrocycle in Phenolic Resins

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Phenolic Resins for the Selective Removal of Radiostrontium

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