The effects of race, gender, and survey methodologies on giving in the US

Abstract

This study examines the effects of race and gender on philanthropy and interaction effects between race or gender and survey methodologies. Results indicate differences in philanthropic behaviors by gender but not by race. We also find significant interaction effects between survey methodologies and race and gender, which may have important implications for social science research in which race and/or gender explain or predict behaviors. Economic theory dictates that public goods and goods with large externalities can lead to market failures that can be ameliorated by taxes, subsidies, or regulation. Private philanthropy can play an important role in addressing these market failures, especially for smaller, less politically powerful groups (Weisbrod, 1975) whose preferences are not reflected in the outcomes of majority voting. Conditional on their ability to overcome free riding, marginalized groups, such as women and minorities, can use the nonprofit sector as a substitute for government-supplied public goods. We test whether race and/or gender affects charitable giving by American households as measured under commonly adopted survey methodologies.

How sensitive is the average taxpayer to changes in the tax-price of giving?

“…In addition to the price and income effects discussed in detail above, we find evidence of a quadratic relationship between age and donations with, looking at the results in column (4), households headed by people aged 49.3 years giving the most, ceteris paribus. We also find that married people give substantially more than unmarried people consistent with Mesch et al (2011) and Rooney et al (2005). We do not find evidence that the number of dependent children affects giving.…”

Who Decides in Giving to Education? A Study of Charitable Giving by Married Couples

“…The extant research has looked at the individual characteristics of donors as well as those in households -examining how gender, education, income, age, race, and marital status affect charitable giving behavior (e.g., Belfi eld and Beney, 2000 ;Conley, 2000 ;Andreoni et al ., 2003 ;Bryant et al ., 2003 ;Rooney et al , 2005 ;Mesch et al ., 2006 ). Very little research exists, however, as to the charitable giving decision-making process itself. "…”

A Model of Donor Behaviour in the Czech Republic

“…• Rodinný stav Na rozdíly v dárcovství z hlediska rodinného stavu se zaměřuje řada výzkumů [viz Hasens, 2006;Hrung, 2004;Rooney et al, 2005;Mesch et al, 2006;James, Sharpe et al, 2007;Hughes a Luksetich, 2007;Wiepking a Maas, 2009;Marx a Carter, 2014]. Cílem výzkumů Andreoniho a jeho kolegů [Andreoni, Brown a Rischal, 2003] bylo zjistit, zda se v manželství lidé rozhodují stejně jako osoby svobodné, rozvedené či ovdovělé, nebo zda se jedná spíše o společné rozhodnutí.…”