The Effects of Punishment on Unpunished Behaviour

Crosbie, John

doi:10.1017/s0813483900007385

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In addition to the general increase in nontarget responding regularly found with punishment and several free-operant responses (Crosbie, 1990a(Crosbie, , 1990c(Crosbie, , 1991, the present experiment also found that response duration during baseline can predict the relative magnitude of changes in response duration for nontarget locations during restriction and response cost. The least probable locations during baseline had the greatest percentage increase for 4 subjects (D10, D12, D17, and D18), and the most probable locations had the smallest percentage increase for 5 subjects (D10, D11, D12, D16, and D18).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…It has been over 20 years since Dunham's first propositions were presented (1971); it is time for their current status to be examined. The hierarchical rule has not been supported by any experiment with adult humans (Crosbie, 1988(Crosbie, , 1990a(Crosbie, , 1990c(Crosbie, , 1991Dunham et al, 1986, Experiment 1; the present experiments), and in those experiments in which it has been supported (Dunham et al, 1986, Experiments 2 and 3), the hierarchical and temporal similarity rules made identical predictions. Given these failures to replicate and the uncertain theoretical status of the rule since the abandonment of the implicit avoidance explanation, the rule should be considered suspect and perhaps abandoned.…”

Section: Dunham's Rulescontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The rates of all 10 responses were recorded, but only the target response "3" was punished: 25 cents was deducted every time "3" was pressed. In one study (Crosbie, 1990a), only the target response "3" was reinforced (VI 15 s, + 5 cents); the other nine responses were neither reinforced nor punished. Response cost temporarily reduced the rate of all unpunished responses, but they eventually recovered to their baseline levels.…”

Section: Dunham's Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Response Cost and Response Restriction on a Multiple‐response Repertoire With Humans

Crosbie

1993

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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In two experiments a multiple-response repertoire of four free-operant responses was developed with university students as subjects using monetary gain as reinforcement. Following baseline, one of the responses was reduced either by making monetary loss contingent upon it (response cost) or by removing it from the repertoire (response restriction). In Experiment 1 a multielement baseline design was employed in which baseline and restriction or response-cost contingencies alternated semirandomly every 3 minutes. In Experiment 2 a reversal design was employed (i.e., baseline, restriction or response cost, then baseline), and each response required a different amount of effort. Both experiments had the following results: (a) The target response decreased substantially; (b) most nontarget responses increased, and the rest remained near their baseline levels; and (c) no support was found for Dunham's hierarchical, most frequent follower, or greatest temporal similarity rules. For several subjects, the least probable responses during baseline increased most, and the most probable responses increased least. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, responses with the lowest frequency of reinforcement increased most (for all 7 subjects), and those with the greatest frequency of reinforcement increased least (for 5 subjects).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%