The effects of pulse voltage rise time on the nanosecond pulsed breakdown of nitrogen spark switch at atmospheric pressure with 3D PIC-MCC model

Wang, Yongliang; Li, Junna; Jiang, Ming; Li, Qisheng; Li, Chunan; Li, Shiji; Wang, Haoyan; Qiu, Aici

doi:10.1063/5.0138011

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Among the main directions of RAEs and X-rays investigations, considering only a small part of the well-known publications over the last few years, are works [71][72][73] aimed at obtaining thermonuclear fusion in which the runaway electrons damaged walls of vacuum chambers, thereby limiting plasma heating; works [74][75][76][77][78][79] considering atmospheric discharges, including high-altitude ones in which X-ray and gamma radiation were registered and reasons for their occurrence were discussed; works [80][81][82][83][84][85] in which megavolt voltage discharges emitting X-rays and modeling lightning evolution in meter gaps were registered; works [86][87][88][89] considering discharges in a uniform electric field at relatively low voltages; and, of course, discharges in a non-uniform electric field registered in centimeter gaps at high voltages in air and other gases for which the runaway electrons were experimentally registered. To confirm the relevance of these studies on electron beam generation, some other works not mentioned above that have been published in 2022-2023 should be mentioned here, including works [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] in which the study of the RAEB generation in centimeter gaps was continued. In works [99,100], attention was focused on the study of the RAEs in TOKAMAK-type installations and devices for their diagnostics in these conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Tarasenko

2023

Preprint

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Runaway electrons (RAEs) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that influences significantly discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide application. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for the RAEs occurrence at high pressures are analyzed and recommendations are given on the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. Experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEB were recorded by oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To describe theoretically the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics has been used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. Results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of research presented here allow the RAEs accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, 5 Sections, the Conclusion, and the References.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Tarasenko

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The works [74][75][76][77][78][79] considered atmospheric discharges, including high-altitude ones in which X-ray and gamma radiation were registered and reasons for their occurrence were discussed; works [80][81][82][83][84][85] in which megavolt voltage discharges emitting X-rays and modeling lightning evolution in meter gaps were registered; works [86][87][88][89] considered discharges in a uniform electric field at relatively low voltages; and, of course, discharges in a non-uniform electric field registered in centimeter gaps at high voltages in air and other gases for which the runaway electrons were experimentally registered. To confirm the relevance of these studies on electron beam generation, some other works not mentioned above that have been published in 2022-2023 should be mentioned here, including works [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] in which the study of RAEB generation in centimeter gaps was continued. In works [99,100], attention was focused on the study of RAEs in TOKAMAK-type installations and devices for their diagnostics in these conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

Kozyrev,

Tarasenko

2024

Plasma

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Runaway electron (RAE) generation in high-pressure gases is an important physical phenomenon that significantly influences discharge shapes and properties of initiated plasma. The diffuse discharges formed due to RAEs in the air and other gases at atmospheric pressure find wide applications. In the present review, theoretical and experimental results that explain the reason for RAE occurrence at high pressures are analyzed, and recommendations are given for the implementation of conditions under which the runaway electron beam (RAEB) with the highest current can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were obtained using subnanosecond, nanosecond, and submicrosecond generators, including those specially developed for runaway electron generation. The RAEBs were recorded using oscilloscopes and collectors with picosecond time resolution. To theoretically describe the phenomenon of continuous electron acceleration, the method of physical kinetics was used based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation that takes into account the minimum but sufficient number of elementary processes, including shock gas ionization and elastic electron scattering. The results of modeling allowed the main factors to be established that control the RAE appearance, the most important of which is electron scattering on neutral atoms and/or molecules. Theoretical modeling has allowed the influence of various parameters (including the voltage, pressure, gas type, and geometrical characteristics of the discharge gap) to be taken into account. The results of the research presented here allow RAE accelerators with desirable parameters to be developed and the possibility of obtaining diffuse discharges to be accessed under various conditions. The review consists of the Introduction, five sections, the Conclusion, and the References.

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The effect of initial electrons generation approaches on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics

Wang,

Li,

Jiang

et al. 2023

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this paper, the effects of initial electrons generation approaches on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics are analyzed. Based on the numerical simulations with a 3D PIC-MCC model, the impacts of field-enhancement factor and initial electron concentration on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics are investigated. Three types of switches are designed and subjected to testing under pulse voltages with rise times of 40, 70, and 120 ns, respectively. The results can be summarized as follows. First, the field-enhancement factor and initial electron concentration have significant influences on the development of the discharge channel. Second, the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch exhibits lower breakdown time delay jitter than the hemispherical self-breakdown switch at low pressure, while the differences in jitter between the two switches become negligible at high pressure. Third, the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch shows a lower breakdown time delay jitter compared to the pre-ionization self-triggered switch for pulse voltages with rise times of 40 and 70 ns. Conversely, this trend reverses for pulse voltage with a rise time of 120 ns. Finally, the breakdown time delay jitter for both the cathode-grooved self-triggered switch and the pre-ionization self-triggered switch has been reduced, and both switches are suitable for different operating requirements and conditions.

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The effects of pulse voltage rise time on the nanosecond pulsed breakdown of nitrogen spark switch at atmospheric pressure with 3D PIC-MCC model

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Optimal Conditions for Generation of Runaway Electrons in High Pressure Gases

Optimal Conditions for the Generation of Runaway Electrons in High-Pressure Gases

The effect of initial electrons generation approaches on nanosecond pulsed breakdown characteristics

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